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The Social Context Evolution of the Print Media TABLE OF CONTENTS Newspapers The Community Press Magazines Growth of the Electronic Media Radio Television . Public Relations Advertising Mass Communications and the Law Ethics and Self-Regulation . . Communications Theory and Research Technology and the Future

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The Social Context Evolution of the Print Media TABLE OF CONTENTS Newspapers The Community Press Magazines Growth of the Electronic Media Radio Television . Public Relations Advertising Mass Communications and the Law Ethics and Self-Regulation . . Communications Theory and Research Technology and the Future

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Sommaire Théorie de la communication 4 L’analyse des pratiques ' de communication (Par Yves Jeanneret) Communication 11 Un mot nouveau, télécommunication Par Edouard Estaunié Les mutants n'existent pas Par Julien Feydy 21 Cyberespace : le retour de la sociabilité ? Par Lilyane Deroche-Gurcel 33 Une société de I ‘information par la technologie : entre inquiétude et espoir Par Claude Gueguen 47 Les nouvelles frontières de la communication Par Gérard Pogorel Sociologie de la communication 57 Communication et démocratie Par Annie Gentes Psychologie de la communication 67 Pourquoi est-on, ou n'est-on pas, pertinent? Par Jean-Louis dessalés 81 Le journal personnel: de la plainte la création Par Catherine Soudé Sémiologie 94 Corps et communication, le péril: de Narcisse Par isabelle Kessel 105 L'écrit d'écran, pratiques d'écriture & informatique Par Emmanuel Souchier Les organismes de 120 Ecole nationale supérieure des La communication télécommunications Les livres 122 Who’s who 127

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SOMMAIRE Introduction : Linformation: un savoir collectif I La PRESSE AMERICAINE : PERSPECTIVE HISTORIQUE 1 La presse écrite américaine : trois siècles d'existence 2 Politique de la forme narrative 3 Interroger ceux qui détiennent l`autorité : une histoire de l'interview 4 Qu'est-ce qu'un reporter ? II LE POUVOIR DES MEDIAS : MYTHES ET REALITES 5.Truite ou hamburger ? Politique et télémythologie 6. Le Watergate et la presse III LA CITOYENNETE ET SES MALAISES 7 La culture américaine de l’'information et le citoyen n inlormationne[ » 8 L`espace public a-t-iljamais existé ? 9 Les médias dans le processus démocratique Crédits

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Introduction Répondre aux besoins du lecteur Capter l'intérêt du lecteur Se faire comprendre L'élément humain Le journaliste comme caméra Le processus journalistique DESCRIPTION La définition précise du sujet Le point focal L'étendue Le style Le choix d'un titre provisoire La recherche des sources Les documents Les témoignages La redaction L'attaque Les six questions fondamentales La pyramide renversée Le contexte et la définition des termes Les citations La clarté L'objectivité et l'équité La suite à donner APPLICATION PRATIQUE: AFFAIRE "NOVA KNITS MADAGASCAR" La définition précise du sujet de l'article Le point focal L'étendue Le style Le choix d'un titre provisoire La recherche des sources Les documents Les témoignages Les questions à poser Le contexte Les encadrés La rédaction de l'article L'attaque Les six questions fondamentales La pyramide renversée Le contexte et la définition des termes Les critères de la qualité journalistique Un sujet intéressant Comment choisir le bon angle? Une bonne attaque L'élément humain Une formation rigoureuse, exacte, précise, fidèle et suffisante Des sources fiables, authentiques, équilibrées; vérifiées et identifiées Un style claire, accessible, vivant, précis Le sens du concret Une organisation logique autour du thème central L'équilibre et l'objectivité La "clôture" Les attributs d'un bon article Un titre accrocheur Le chapeau Les tableaux Les vitrines Les intertitres Les encadrés La mise en page Le reportage spécialisée et les sujets techniques Définition du sujet Instruire le lectorat Les ramifications du sujet Les sources Développer un réseau d'informateurs spécialisés La citation des sources Les sujets économiques Les articles sur les entreprises La couverture d'autres sujets spécialisés La déontologie journalistique La rigueur de l'information La fidélité des citations Les rapports du journaliste avec ses sources d'information L'équité et l'objectivité La séparation de la rédaction et de la publicité EN GUISE DE CONCLUSION

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Contents Port l: Clearing Your Throat 1.What Fresh Hell ls This? You Mean I Have to Get Up and Say Something ? Our Biggest Fears Top Ten Excuses PeoPle Use to Avoid Public Speaking Why We Feel Nervous about Public Speaking The Least You Need to Know 7, 2.The lmportnce of Public Speaking So Why Do This to Yourself? ....'........ What Makes a Good Public SPeaker?. Why You're Reading This.......... The Least You Need to Know 3 Common Communicotion Problems What Communication Is ...........'. Types of Communication Communication Is Always Valuable: It's Not Communication Can Solve Everything: It Can't " More Communication Is Better: It's Not Words=Meaning (Guess Again) Communication Is SimPle (Ha!) The Least You Need to Know 4 Types of Speeches Three Main Kinds of Public Speaking A-to-Z Speeches 3Z Addresses of Welcome ....'.......... Appreciation and Awards ... 33 ... 33 ... 33 Appeal for Funds Closing Remarks Dedicating Buildings, Ships, Vehicles and So On Eulogies Explàining a Process Giving testimony Installation Ceremonies, ......... Introductions.. Job Interviews Job Training sessions Nominations.... Presentations;; ... Reporting an Incident ............. Retirement Speeches ................ Running for Election ..............., Toasts and Roasts. . . ... . ...... _. Making a Sales presentation..... The Least you Need to «now....... Part 2: planning your Speech 5 Analyzing your audience Why Me ? People who need people Why are they here ? Audience size Audience age Appereance dos not matter…or does it ? Gender and male ?female ratio Level of knoledge Spin doctor Your place in the sun Location, location, location Special circumstances Pull together The ‘least you need to know. 6 Speaking to lnform Selecting a Theme Be True to yourself ..................., what if you Have Nothing deciding on an organisationzl pattern alphabetical-A-B-C Order Cause-Effect: What Happened and Why? Chronological Numerical : 1-2-3 Order....... Problem-Solution: Dilemmas and Answers ' Spatial: The Order of SPace ....... Topical: The Order of Subiects .. Research Techniques ..................... Get the ScooP: Five Ws and H Interview PeoPle Types of SuPPort What to Omit The Least You Need to Know 7 Speaking to Persuade Researching Argument Supporting and Opposing Each Side Deciding on Your Position and Creating a Thesis appeal to Logic......:.......... Inductive Reasoning Deductive Reasoning Appeal to Emotion Credibility What Not to Do-Logical Fallacies ...... Oversimpliÿing the Issue Begging the Question ........'... Misleading Statistics Post hoc ergo ProPter hoc Reasoning Backward False Analogies ........ The Least You Need to Know 8 Speaking to Entertain Playing the Crowd Developing a Clear, Central Theme Laying the Groundwork Method 1: Point and Proof . Method 2: Poking Fun at Point and Proof ' Researching the Topic Focusing on Shared Experiences . Making Happy Talk: Building Goodwill You-Attitude ............ Emotional Appeals The Least You Need to Know Part 3: Writing the Speech 9 Whose Speech ls l[ finywoy?-Speech Style Words and More Words: Diction Hone the Tone Avoid Clichés Like the Plague Tell It Like It Is: Avoid Euphemisms ..... What Language Is That? Avoiding Jargon Hey, Babe, Avoid Sexist Language They Get the Picture with Figures of Speech Illustrate with Images ............. Dare to Compare with Similes and Metaphors Hyperbole (or Overstatement) and personification.. Throw Out the Rule Book: A Look at Grammar ........... Short and Sweet Sentence Length A Final Word: Be True to yourself .............. The Least You Need to Know Decisions: Finalizing the Orgonizqtion Setting a Time Limit........ The "20-Minute" Rule . Another Look at Methods of Organization Chronological Order: The Order of Time Problem-Solution Order: presenting Dilemmas and Answers Topical Order: The Order of Subiects Arranging Supporting Points Subordinating Information The Least You Need to Know Sketching lt Out on Paper: Outlining What, Me Outline? ............. How to Know a Good Outline When you Meet One Full-Text Outline Key-Word Outline Note-Card Outline Outline Rules Use Uniform Letters and Numbers """""' Include Only One Idea Per Line """"' Subordinate Ideas ProPerlY Indent Lines to Show the Relationship of items Use Parallel Structure ReciPe for a Great Outline ""' All-PurPose SPeech Outline "' The Least You Need to know 72 12.Begin at the Beginning Hand-in-Glove: Intro and SPeech " Telling a StorY..... Asking a Question Persônal Touch Mini-MYsterY.. Tailored to the Occasion Greetings from the Home Team ' Using an aPProPriate Quotation Using Statistics Using Humor, Jokes, and Cartoons Using Dates Using VideotaPes.. Using News Items. Using References The least You Need to Know 13 DeveloPing the BodY The Writing Process Tailored to Fit It's as Simple as A, B, C Cause-Effect ............ Time Marches On .. Problem-Solution."' Psychological Needs Map It Out.......... Topics...... Supporting Information ....' Once UPon a Time Comparison/Contrast . " " ExamPles Facts ........ Stats It! TestimonY bY Authorities "" ' Get with the Flow: Transitions Getting It On PaPer The Least You Need to Know "' 14 Finishiig Touches: Conclusions, Revisions' qnd Titles Writing the Conclusion ....""' Appeal Illustration Inducement ........ Quotation SummarY. body Shop matching the Conclusion to the Speech ' Reading and Revising .........." Crafting a Title The Least You Need to Know 15 Using Humor All About Humor Jokes That Never Work..... The Mechanics of a Good Joke """" Methods to Achieve Humor "Borrow" Good Jokes....... ' Tell a Joke About Yourself Draw from Real Life..'.....'. Include Clever Wording Making Humor Work for You The Least You Need to Know Writing lnternational SPeeches Wavs to Get Your Message Across in Any Language International SPeech BlooPers and Wavs to Avoid Them How to Use a Translator The Least You Need to Know P Part 4: Tackling specificTypes of Speeches 17 lnformation, Please: lnformational Speaking Explaining a Process Running and reaching sessions Interviewing and being Interviewed for a Job "' Giving TestimonY" Let's Get Critical "" Describe an Obiect, Person, or place Define a ConcePt The Least You Need to Know 18 See lt t'ly Woy: Pelsuasive SPeaking Types of Persuasive SPeeches Making Sales Presentations the-Direct APProach The Indirect Apuroach Using a sales Presentation Checklist Delivering a EulogY Solving a Problem Running for Election Nominiting a Candidate The Least You Need to Know 19.Ever here the One about ? ' ' ' Entertaining Speeches 181 The Host with the Most: Introducing a SPeaker ' AlwaYs-Fail Clichés... Giving a Graduation SPeech Good Bet Speech ToPics Bad Bet SPeech ToPics Hosting Toasts and Roasts The Envelope, P1ease: Presenting an Award Receiving an Award Speaking at Conventions ........ Speaking at Birthdays and Anniversaries When You'te Stuck for a Good Line at Weddings ........ Speaking Speaking at Retirements ......... Speaking at Reunions ............... Cutting the Ribbon: Dedicating an Imposing Edifice The Least You Need to Know 20 Nowhere to llidq Speoking Off'theGuff Prior Experience ... Know Your Stuff Stay on the ToPic Question-and-Answer Sessions Uh, Like, Wow: SPeak in ComPlete What If You Have Nothing to SaY? Stage Fright The Least You Need to Know Part 5: Getting Yout fict Together 2l Preparing visual Aids, audio-visual Aids, and props Visual Aids......... Relevance Appearance Nuts, Bolts, and Nittÿ-Grittÿ Use.......... Get Out Those Crayons: Preparing Visual Aids Audiotapes ........... Blackboards .......... Charts and Graphs.................. Computers Diagrams ........ Films Flip Charts Handouts....... Maps Models Overhead Projectors ...... Photographs ............... Posters Slides.... Videotapes ................... Write It On, Plug It In, Turn It On: Using Visual Aids Audiotapes.... Blackboards... Charts and Graphs Computers .............. Diagrams Films Handouts Maps .. Models .. Overhead Proiectors Photographs.... Posters Slides Videotapes .............. The Least You Need to Know Rehearsing the SPeech Why Rehearse? ..... How to Rehearse.... Rehearsing with Others Preparing Index Cards or a Speech Manuscript Note Cards ............... Full Text The Least You Need to Know.. 23 Gilding the Lily: Dress for Success ond Voice Dressed for Success ..... Voice Voice Qualiÿ Volume Pump Up the Volume: Using a Microphone Clariÿ and Articulation Rate ................ Pitch and Inflection...... " Pace and Rhythm ......... Fillers The Least You Need to Know Port 6: The Momcnt of Truth 24 Delivering the SPeech Preparing to SPeak Attitude Eye-to-Eye: Where to Look.... Body Language Qualities of Successful Body Language Dealing with Problems ................. Reading from Full Text and Index Cards Responding to Questions Answering Trick Questions . Stay Away from Humor .............. Remember: You're in Control .... It Ain't Over'Til It's Over: Making a Graceful Exit The Least You Need to Know 25.Ways to Ovetcome Stage Fright Armchair Diagnosis: Symptoms of Stage Fright Why You're Afraid Fear of the Audience............. Fear of Failure Fear That Your SPeech Stinks Making Fear Work for You The Ten Keys to Smashing the Fear Barrier Physical and Mental Exercises for Releasing Tension The "No Pain, No Gain" Route The "Less Pain, Still Gain" Approach. Take a Test Run Emergency Rx: Open Only if AII Else Fails The Least You Need to Know Appendix A : Word power glossary Apendix B : sample speeches Sample Informative Speech The History of Comic Books ...... Entertaining Speech Mark Twain Reveals Stage Fright Persuasive Speech The Getÿsburg Address Seven Speeches to Study and Remember (or: Only Crib from the Best) Index

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Brief Contents PRIFACE PART I: FOUNDATIONS CNAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 Interpersonal Communication: A Liberal Art 3 CHAPTER 3 Critical Thinking and Interpersonal Communication 27 PART II: THI INTRAPIRSONAL MONOLOGUR CNAPTER 4 XXI Person Perception and Communication 55 CHAPTER 5 Self-Concept and Interpersonal Communication PART HI: THE INTERPERS ONAL DIALOGUE GHAPTER 6 Developing Relationships: Small Talk, Self-Disclosure, Rhetorical Sensitivity, and Confirmation GHAPTER 7 Language: Negotiating Reality GHAPTER 8 Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relationships Listening CHAPTER 9 Free Copy lot to Be so PART IV: SOGIO- CULTURAL DYNAMIGS IN RELATIONSHIPS GHAPTER 10 Close Relationships CHAPTER 11 Family Interpersonal Communication CHAPTER 12 Professional Relationships CHAPTER 13 Interpersonal Communication in the Global Village: Issues of Culture and Gender GLOSSARY Interpersonal Communication in a Mediated World: The Technological Embrace REFERENGES INDEX Not to Be PART I: FOUNDATIONS CHAPTIR 1 INTERPERSONAL GOMMUNICATION: A LIBERAL ART 3 Objectives Developing Your Communication Potential Building Your Interpersonal Style What Is Interpersonal Communication? What Makes Communication Interpersonal? Communicating Skllfully Considering Culture Considering Critical Thinking Why Do We Communicate? Motivational Theory Abraham Maslow William Schultz Considering Ethics Why Take a Liberal Arts Perspective? Ethical Communication Considering Ethics Goals of This Book Gaining Self-Knowledge Discovering Commonality with Others Identifying the Process of Communication Applying Communication Principles Recognizing Basic Elements of Communication Communicating Skillfully: Goal Setting Developing Clear Interpersonal Communication Striving for Quality Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terms and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice For Extended Study py Nötto Be sold Not to Be AvanAUN iival T hinkingt Sholashy in tepenonal Comnication Retlecing lnstead of Reacing The look ofCitical Think ingt Reanning Lauceve and luducive Reasoning Comuniaing Skillully Cogeney Evidence Considering Fthies Kinds of Evidence Communicating Skillfully Ways to Use Critical Thinking The Dialectic Fallacies Communicating Skillfully Considering Culture Disagreement Versus Reasoned Criticisı Begging Considering Critical Thinking Hasty Generalization the Question Communicating Skillfully Complex Questions Ad Hominem Fallacy False Analogy Slippery Slope Prejudice Groupthink Conditions That Block Critical Thinking Considering Culture Conditions That Foster Critical Thinking Reflective Thinking Considering Critical Thinking Open-mindedness InterpersOnal Communicall Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terms and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice Not For Extended Study PART Il: THE INTRAPERSONAL MONOLOGUR GHAPTER 3 PERSON PERCEP TION AND cOMMUNICATION Objectives The Perception Process Perception Selection Organization y Be sold Interpretation Perceptual Problems Cultural Variations First Impressions Stereotyping Considering Critical Thinking Halo Effect Considering Critical Thinking Identity Cues Communicating Skillfully: The Detective Exercise Other Barriers to Perception Allness Blindering Fact-Inference Confusion Sharpening Your Perceptions Seek More Information Considering Ethics Empathize with Others Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terns and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice ottoBe sold SELE-cONCEPY A ND INTERPRRSONAL COHUMICATIoR Objectives What Is the SelfConcept? in Self-Image Development Considering Culture: Caste Systems The Residual Sclf-Concept The Self-Concept Is Multifaceted The Experiences of Self-Esteem Self-Concept and the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Stages The Self-Concept and Communication with Others Reflected Appraisal Raising Self-Esteem Through Supportive Language Communicating Skillfully Considering Critical Thinking: How Valid Is Criticism Considering Ethics Ways of Strengthening the Self-Concept The Power of Habit Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terms and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice For Extended Study o Be solc CHAPTER 5 AND CONFIRMATION PART III: THE INTERPERSONAL DIALOGUE Objectives DEVELOPING RELATiONSHIPS: SMALL TALK, SELF-DISCLOSURE, RHETO RICAL SENSITIVITY, First Moves Small Talk Conversational Skills in Initial Encounters Self-Disclosure Free Cop Not to Be s Uncertainty Reduction and Interpersonal Style

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Brief Contents PRIFACE PART I: FOUNDATIONS CNAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 Interpersonal Communication: A Liberal Art 3 CHAPTER 3 Critical Thinking and Interpersonal Communication 27 PART II: THI INTRAPIRSONAL MONOLOGUR CNAPTER 4 XXI Person Perception and Communication 55 CHAPTER 5 Self-Concept and Interpersonal Communication PART HI: THE INTERPERS ONAL DIALOGUE GHAPTER 6 Developing Relationships: Small Talk, Self-Disclosure, Rhetorical Sensitivity, and Confirmation GHAPTER 7 Language: Negotiating Reality GHAPTER 8 Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relationships Listening CHAPTER 9 Free Copy lot to Be so PART IV: SOGIO- CULTURAL DYNAMIGS IN RELATIONSHIPS GHAPTER 10 Close Relationships CHAPTER 11 Family Interpersonal Communication CHAPTER 12 Professional Relationships CHAPTER 13 Interpersonal Communication in the Global Village: Issues of Culture and Gender GLOSSARY Interpersonal Communication in a Mediated World: The Technological Embrace REFERENGES INDEX Not to Be PART I: FOUNDATIONS CHAPTIR 1 INTERPERSONAL GOMMUNICATION: A LIBERAL ART 3 Objectives Developing Your Communication Potential Building Your Interpersonal Style What Is Interpersonal Communication? What Makes Communication Interpersonal? Communicating Skllfully Considering Culture Considering Critical Thinking Why Do We Communicate? Motivational Theory Abraham Maslow William Schultz Considering Ethics Why Take a Liberal Arts Perspective? Ethical Communication Considering Ethics Goals of This Book Gaining Self-Knowledge Discovering Commonality with Others Identifying the Process of Communication Applying Communication Principles Recognizing Basic Elements of Communication Communicating Skillfully: Goal Setting Developing Clear Interpersonal Communication Striving for Quality Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terms and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice For Extended Study py Nötto Be sold Not to Be AvanAUN iival T hinkingt Sholashy in tepenonal Comnication Retlecing lnstead of Reacing The look ofCitical Think ingt Reanning Lauceve and luducive Reasoning Comuniaing Skillully Cogeney Evidence Considering Fthies Kinds of Evidence Communicating Skillfully Ways to Use Critical Thinking The Dialectic Fallacies Communicating Skillfully Considering Culture Disagreement Versus Reasoned Criticisı Begging Considering Critical Thinking Hasty Generalization the Question Communicating Skillfully Complex Questions Ad Hominem Fallacy False Analogy Slippery Slope Prejudice Groupthink Conditions That Block Critical Thinking Considering Culture Conditions That Foster Critical Thinking Reflective Thinking Considering Critical Thinking Open-mindedness InterpersOnal Communicall Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terms and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice Not For Extended Study PART Il: THE INTRAPERSONAL MONOLOGUR GHAPTER 3 PERSON PERCEP TION AND cOMMUNICATION Objectives The Perception Process Perception Selection Organization y Be sold Interpretation Perceptual Problems Cultural Variations First Impressions Stereotyping Considering Critical Thinking Halo Effect Considering Critical Thinking Identity Cues Communicating Skillfully: The Detective Exercise Other Barriers to Perception Allness Blindering Fact-Inference Confusion Sharpening Your Perceptions Seek More Information Considering Ethics Empathize with Others Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terns and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice ottoBe sold SELE-cONCEPY A ND INTERPRRSONAL COHUMICATIoR Objectives What Is the SelfConcept? in Self-Image Development Considering Culture: Caste Systems The Residual Sclf-Concept The Self-Concept Is Multifaceted The Experiences of Self-Esteem Self-Concept and the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Stages The Self-Concept and Communication with Others Reflected Appraisal Raising Self-Esteem Through Supportive Language Communicating Skillfully Considering Critical Thinking: How Valid Is Criticism Considering Ethics Ways of Strengthening the Self-Concept The Power of Habit Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terms and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice For Extended Study o Be solc CHAPTER 5 AND CONFIRMATION PART III: THE INTERPERSONAL DIALOGUE Objectives DEVELOPING RELATiONSHIPS: SMALL TALK, SELF-DISCLOSURE, RHETO RICAL SENSITIVITY, First Moves Small Talk Conversational Skills in Initial Encounters Self-Disclosure Free Cop Not to Be s Uncertainty Reduction and Interpersonal Style

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Brief Contents PRIFACE PART I: FOUNDATIONS CNAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 Interpersonal Communication: A Liberal Art 3 CHAPTER 3 Critical Thinking and Interpersonal Communication 27 PART II: THI INTRAPIRSONAL MONOLOGUR CNAPTER 4 XXI Person Perception and Communication 55 CHAPTER 5 Self-Concept and Interpersonal Communication PART HI: THE INTERPERS ONAL DIALOGUE GHAPTER 6 Developing Relationships: Small Talk, Self-Disclosure, Rhetorical Sensitivity, and Confirmation GHAPTER 7 Language: Negotiating Reality GHAPTER 8 Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relationships Listening CHAPTER 9 Free Copy lot to Be so PART IV: SOGIO- CULTURAL DYNAMIGS IN RELATIONSHIPS GHAPTER 10 Close Relationships CHAPTER 11 Family Interpersonal Communication CHAPTER 12 Professional Relationships CHAPTER 13 Interpersonal Communication in the Global Village: Issues of Culture and Gender GLOSSARY Interpersonal Communication in a Mediated World: The Technological Embrace REFERENGES INDEX Not to Be PART I: FOUNDATIONS CHAPTIR 1 INTERPERSONAL GOMMUNICATION: A LIBERAL ART 3 Objectives Developing Your Communication Potential Building Your Interpersonal Style What Is Interpersonal Communication? What Makes Communication Interpersonal? Communicating Skllfully Considering Culture Considering Critical Thinking Why Do We Communicate? Motivational Theory Abraham Maslow William Schultz Considering Ethics Why Take a Liberal Arts Perspective? Ethical Communication Considering Ethics Goals of This Book Gaining Self-Knowledge Discovering Commonality with Others Identifying the Process of Communication Applying Communication Principles Recognizing Basic Elements of Communication Communicating Skillfully: Goal Setting Developing Clear Interpersonal Communication Striving for Quality Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terms and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice For Extended Study py Nötto Be sold Not to Be AvanAUN iival T hinkingt Sholashy in tepenonal Comnication Retlecing lnstead of Reacing The look ofCitical Think ingt Reanning Lauceve and luducive Reasoning Comuniaing Skillully Cogeney Evidence Considering Fthies Kinds of Evidence Communicating Skillfully Ways to Use Critical Thinking The Dialectic Fallacies Communicating Skillfully Considering Culture Disagreement Versus Reasoned Criticisı Begging Considering Critical Thinking Hasty Generalization the Question Communicating Skillfully Complex Questions Ad Hominem Fallacy False Analogy Slippery Slope Prejudice Groupthink Conditions That Block Critical Thinking Considering Culture Conditions That Foster Critical Thinking Reflective Thinking Considering Critical Thinking Open-mindedness InterpersOnal Communicall Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terms and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice Not For Extended Study PART Il: THE INTRAPERSONAL MONOLOGUR GHAPTER 3 PERSON PERCEP TION AND cOMMUNICATION Objectives The Perception Process Perception Selection Organization y Be sold Interpretation Perceptual Problems Cultural Variations First Impressions Stereotyping Considering Critical Thinking Halo Effect Considering Critical Thinking Identity Cues Communicating Skillfully: The Detective Exercise Other Barriers to Perception Allness Blindering Fact-Inference Confusion Sharpening Your Perceptions Seek More Information Considering Ethics Empathize with Others Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terns and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice ottoBe sold SELE-cONCEPY A ND INTERPRRSONAL COHUMICATIoR Objectives What Is the SelfConcept? in Self-Image Development Considering Culture: Caste Systems The Residual Sclf-Concept The Self-Concept Is Multifaceted The Experiences of Self-Esteem Self-Concept and the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Stages The Self-Concept and Communication with Others Reflected Appraisal Raising Self-Esteem Through Supportive Language Communicating Skillfully Considering Critical Thinking: How Valid Is Criticism Considering Ethics Ways of Strengthening the Self-Concept The Power of Habit Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terms and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice For Extended Study o Be solc CHAPTER 5 AND CONFIRMATION PART III: THE INTERPERSONAL DIALOGUE Objectives DEVELOPING RELATiONSHIPS: SMALL TALK, SELF-DISCLOSURE, RHETO RICAL SENSITIVITY, First Moves Small Talk Conversational Skills in Initial Encounters Self-Disclosure Free Cop Not to Be s Uncertainty Reduction and Interpersonal Style

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Brief Contents PRIFACE PART I: FOUNDATIONS CNAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 Interpersonal Communication: A Liberal Art 3 CHAPTER 3 Critical Thinking and Interpersonal Communication 27 PART II: THI INTRAPIRSONAL MONOLOGUR CNAPTER 4 XXI Person Perception and Communication 55 CHAPTER 5 Self-Concept and Interpersonal Communication PART HI: THE INTERPERS ONAL DIALOGUE GHAPTER 6 Developing Relationships: Small Talk, Self-Disclosure, Rhetorical Sensitivity, and Confirmation GHAPTER 7 Language: Negotiating Reality GHAPTER 8 Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relationships Listening CHAPTER 9 Free Copy lot to Be so PART IV: SOGIO- CULTURAL DYNAMIGS IN RELATIONSHIPS GHAPTER 10 Close Relationships CHAPTER 11 Family Interpersonal Communication CHAPTER 12 Professional Relationships CHAPTER 13 Interpersonal Communication in the Global Village: Issues of Culture and Gender GLOSSARY Interpersonal Communication in a Mediated World: The Technological Embrace REFERENGES INDEX Not to Be PART I: FOUNDATIONS CHAPTIR 1 INTERPERSONAL GOMMUNICATION: A LIBERAL ART 3 Objectives Developing Your Communication Potential Building Your Interpersonal Style What Is Interpersonal Communication? What Makes Communication Interpersonal? Communicating Skllfully Considering Culture Considering Critical Thinking Why Do We Communicate? Motivational Theory Abraham Maslow William Schultz Considering Ethics Why Take a Liberal Arts Perspective? Ethical Communication Considering Ethics Goals of This Book Gaining Self-Knowledge Discovering Commonality with Others Identifying the Process of Communication Applying Communication Principles Recognizing Basic Elements of Communication Communicating Skillfully: Goal Setting Developing Clear Interpersonal Communication Striving for Quality Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terms and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice For Extended Study py Nötto Be sold Not to Be AvanAUN iival T hinkingt Sholashy in tepenonal Comnication Retlecing lnstead of Reacing The look ofCitical Think ingt Reanning Lauceve and luducive Reasoning Comuniaing Skillully Cogeney Evidence Considering Fthies Kinds of Evidence Communicating Skillfully Ways to Use Critical Thinking The Dialectic Fallacies Communicating Skillfully Considering Culture Disagreement Versus Reasoned Criticisı Begging Considering Critical Thinking Hasty Generalization the Question Communicating Skillfully Complex Questions Ad Hominem Fallacy False Analogy Slippery Slope Prejudice Groupthink Conditions That Block Critical Thinking Considering Culture Conditions That Foster Critical Thinking Reflective Thinking Considering Critical Thinking Open-mindedness InterpersOnal Communicall Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terms and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice Not For Extended Study PART Il: THE INTRAPERSONAL MONOLOGUR GHAPTER 3 PERSON PERCEP TION AND cOMMUNICATION Objectives The Perception Process Perception Selection Organization y Be sold Interpretation Perceptual Problems Cultural Variations First Impressions Stereotyping Considering Critical Thinking Halo Effect Considering Critical Thinking Identity Cues Communicating Skillfully: The Detective Exercise Other Barriers to Perception Allness Blindering Fact-Inference Confusion Sharpening Your Perceptions Seek More Information Considering Ethics Empathize with Others Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terns and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice ottoBe sold SELE-cONCEPY A ND INTERPRRSONAL COHUMICATIoR Objectives What Is the SelfConcept? in Self-Image Development Considering Culture: Caste Systems The Residual Sclf-Concept The Self-Concept Is Multifaceted The Experiences of Self-Esteem Self-Concept and the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Stages The Self-Concept and Communication with Others Reflected Appraisal Raising Self-Esteem Through Supportive Language Communicating Skillfully Considering Critical Thinking: How Valid Is Criticism Considering Ethics Ways of Strengthening the Self-Concept The Power of Habit Looking Back - Looking Forward Review Terms and Concepts Putting Theory into Practice For Extended Study o Be solc CHAPTER 5 AND CONFIRMATION PART III: THE INTERPERSONAL DIALOGUE Objectives DEVELOPING RELATiONSHIPS: SMALL TALK, SELF-DISCLOSURE, RHETO RICAL SENSITIVITY, First Moves Small Talk Conversational Skills in Initial Encounters Self-Disclosure Free Cop Not to Be s Uncertainty Reduction and Interpersonal Style

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Purt One/Dyeryiew Introduetion to the Mass Media The Communication Process Understanding the Mass Media Industries: Four Key Themes Society, and Culture, 28 1. The Media as a Business, 8~ 2. The Media and Communications Technology, 21 ~3. The Media and Government, 25 ~4. Media, How MEDIA /IMPACT Works 29 In Focus: Introduction to the Mass Media 30 PartTwo/The Medin Industrit The Newspaper Industry Colonial Newspapers: Toward an Independent Press 37 The Zenger Trial, 39 - Women's Role as Colonial Publisbers, 40 The Revolutionary Partisan Press, 41 Early 1800s: Newspapers Diversify as Their Audiences Grow 44 Frontier Journalism, 44 Newspapers, 45 News Gathering, 49 Touard Mass Readership: Tbe Penny Press, 49 Photojournalism, 52 The Civil War Years: Accreditation and Photojournalism Goternment Acreditation of Jornalists, 50~ Tbe Birtb of The Heyday of Newspapers Dissident Voices: The Alternative Press, 46 National Newspaper5, 69 Etbnic and Native American Competition Breeds Sensationalism, 54 ~ Yellow Jour nalism and the Spanish-A merican War, 56 Reporters' Evolving Role 58 Unionization Encourages Profesionalism, 58 Freedom Versus National lnterest, 59 Newspapers in the Television Era 62 The Revival of the Dissident Press, 63 How Newspapers Work 65 The Newspaper Industry Today 68 ~INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Colonial Competitors News Services, 72 ~ Syndicates, 73 In Focus: The Newspaper Industry Reaching New Readers Effects, 90 The Magazine Industry Jazz Journalism, 57 The First National Mass Medium 83 Cooperative and For-Profu Women's Isszes, 84 Tradition, 86 ~ Political Commentary, 88 A Declining Readersbip, 64 War Reporting: Press Facing the Future, 73 Social Crusades, 85 ~ Fostering a Liter- The Postal Act' The Muckrakers: Magazine Journalists Campaign for Change Magazines in the First Half of the 20th Century Henry Luce's Empire, 95 Harold Ross and The New Yorker, 93 Second Half of the 20th Century: Specialized Magazines Types of Magazines, 99 How Magazines Work The Magazine Industry Today -INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Magazines Join Big Business, 108 In Focus: The Magazine Industry TheRadio Industry Radio's Pioneers, 114 America's Second National Medium: How Radio Began Broadcasting, 119 The Nation Tunes In Independnt Entrepreneurs, 118 The Birtb of Commercial Expansion and Regulation, 120 Radio's Golden Age, 125 Radio in the TV Age 131 FM and AM, 137 The FCC Recognizes FM, 131 Formats Revolutionize Programming, Radios, 134 ~ Payola, 134 How Radio Works 135 Facing the Future, 108 Government Becomes Involved, 117 The Radio Industry Today 136 The Growth of Radio Networks, 129 INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Deregulation, 137 BMI Licenses Recordings, 132 Clock and Car In Focus: The Radio Industry 148 Ratings, 138 Formats: Gordon McLendon's Legacy, 142 ~ Facing the Future, TheTelevision Industry How Television Began Television 's Pioneers, 155 Replacing Radio Television News, 158 Measuring the Auadience, 167 TV Grows Up Newto Minow and TV's Conscience, 169 Public Television, 174 How Television Works the Future, 189 The TV Industry Today Station Ownersbip, 182 Independents, 183 Changes, 186 System Ls Born, 201 A Change of Scene, 204 INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Regulation, 208 Cause: United Artists, 205 In Focus: The Television Industry The Movie Industry Entertainment Programming, l62 The Networks' Role, 182 Cable, 184 Rapid Technological Ratings Accuracy: People Meters, 1l 88 The Movies Become Big Business Capturing Motion on Film: How Movies Began A merican Movies Premiere, 199 A Time of Transition, 1 71 Maturing as a News Medium, 175 Early Films, 20O Block Booking, 205 Responding to Critics: Self- The Rise of the Moguls: The Grouwth of the Studio System, 212 The Golden Age and After The End of an Era, 214 Facing Sound Comes to the Movies: The Talkies, 211 Rebels with The Studio How TV Changed the Movie Industry, 21

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Purt One/Dyeryiew Introduetion to the Mass Media The Communication Process Understanding the Mass Media Industries: Four Key Themes Society, and Culture, 28 1. The Media as a Business, 8~ 2. The Media and Communications Technology, 21 ~3. The Media and Government, 25 ~4. Media, How MEDIA /IMPACT Works 29 In Focus: Introduction to the Mass Media 30 PartTwo/The Medin Industrit The Newspaper Industry Colonial Newspapers: Toward an Independent Press 37 The Zenger Trial, 39 - Women's Role as Colonial Publisbers, 40 The Revolutionary Partisan Press, 41 Early 1800s: Newspapers Diversify as Their Audiences Grow 44 Frontier Journalism, 44 Newspapers, 45 News Gathering, 49 Touard Mass Readership: Tbe Penny Press, 49 Photojournalism, 52 The Civil War Years: Accreditation and Photojournalism Goternment Acreditation of Jornalists, 50~ Tbe Birtb of The Heyday of Newspapers Dissident Voices: The Alternative Press, 46 National Newspaper5, 69 Etbnic and Native American Competition Breeds Sensationalism, 54 ~ Yellow Jour nalism and the Spanish-A merican War, 56 Reporters' Evolving Role 58 Unionization Encourages Profesionalism, 58 Freedom Versus National lnterest, 59 Newspapers in the Television Era 62 The Revival of the Dissident Press, 63 How Newspapers Work 65 The Newspaper Industry Today 68 ~INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Colonial Competitors News Services, 72 ~ Syndicates, 73 In Focus: The Newspaper Industry Reaching New Readers Effects, 90 The Magazine Industry Jazz Journalism, 57 The First National Mass Medium 83 Cooperative and For-Profu Women's Isszes, 84 Tradition, 86 ~ Political Commentary, 88 A Declining Readersbip, 64 War Reporting: Press Facing the Future, 73 Social Crusades, 85 ~ Fostering a Liter- The Postal Act' The Muckrakers: Magazine Journalists Campaign for Change Magazines in the First Half of the 20th Century Henry Luce's Empire, 95 Harold Ross and The New Yorker, 93 Second Half of the 20th Century: Specialized Magazines Types of Magazines, 99 How Magazines Work The Magazine Industry Today -INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Magazines Join Big Business, 108 In Focus: The Magazine Industry TheRadio Industry Radio's Pioneers, 114 America's Second National Medium: How Radio Began Broadcasting, 119 The Nation Tunes In Independnt Entrepreneurs, 118 The Birtb of Commercial Expansion and Regulation, 120 Radio's Golden Age, 125 Radio in the TV Age 131 FM and AM, 137 The FCC Recognizes FM, 131 Formats Revolutionize Programming, Radios, 134 ~ Payola, 134 How Radio Works 135 Facing the Future, 108 Government Becomes Involved, 117 The Radio Industry Today 136 The Growth of Radio Networks, 129 INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Deregulation, 137 BMI Licenses Recordings, 132 Clock and Car In Focus: The Radio Industry 148 Ratings, 138 Formats: Gordon McLendon's Legacy, 142 ~ Facing the Future, TheTelevision Industry How Television Began Television 's Pioneers, 155 Replacing Radio Television News, 158 Measuring the Auadience, 167 TV Grows Up Newto Minow and TV's Conscience, 169 Public Television, 174 How Television Works the Future, 189 The TV Industry Today Station Ownersbip, 182 Independents, 183 Changes, 186 System Ls Born, 201 A Change of Scene, 204 INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Regulation, 208 Cause: United Artists, 205 In Focus: The Television Industry The Movie Industry Entertainment Programming, l62 The Networks' Role, 182 Cable, 184 Rapid Technological Ratings Accuracy: People Meters, 1l 88 The Movies Become Big Business Capturing Motion on Film: How Movies Began A merican Movies Premiere, 199 A Time of Transition, 1 71 Maturing as a News Medium, 175 Early Films, 20O Block Booking, 205 Responding to Critics: Self- The Rise of the Moguls: The Grouwth of the Studio System, 212 The Golden Age and After The End of an Era, 214 Facing Sound Comes to the Movies: The Talkies, 211 Rebels with The Studio How TV Changed the Movie Industry, 21

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Purt One/Dyeryiew Introduetion to the Mass Media The Communication Process Understanding the Mass Media Industries: Four Key Themes Society, and Culture, 28 1. The Media as a Business, 8~ 2. The Media and Communications Technology, 21 ~3. The Media and Government, 25 ~4. Media, How MEDIA /IMPACT Works 29 In Focus: Introduction to the Mass Media 30 PartTwo/The Medin Industrit The Newspaper Industry Colonial Newspapers: Toward an Independent Press 37 The Zenger Trial, 39 - Women's Role as Colonial Publisbers, 40 The Revolutionary Partisan Press, 41 Early 1800s: Newspapers Diversify as Their Audiences Grow 44 Frontier Journalism, 44 Newspapers, 45 News Gathering, 49 Touard Mass Readership: Tbe Penny Press, 49 Photojournalism, 52 The Civil War Years: Accreditation and Photojournalism Goternment Acreditation of Jornalists, 50~ Tbe Birtb of The Heyday of Newspapers Dissident Voices: The Alternative Press, 46 National Newspaper5, 69 Etbnic and Native American Competition Breeds Sensationalism, 54 ~ Yellow Jour nalism and the Spanish-A merican War, 56 Reporters' Evolving Role 58 Unionization Encourages Profesionalism, 58 Freedom Versus National lnterest, 59 Newspapers in the Television Era 62 The Revival of the Dissident Press, 63 How Newspapers Work 65 The Newspaper Industry Today 68 ~INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Colonial Competitors News Services, 72 ~ Syndicates, 73 In Focus: The Newspaper Industry Reaching New Readers Effects, 90 The Magazine Industry Jazz Journalism, 57 The First National Mass Medium 83 Cooperative and For-Profu Women's Isszes, 84 Tradition, 86 ~ Political Commentary, 88 A Declining Readersbip, 64 War Reporting: Press Facing the Future, 73 Social Crusades, 85 ~ Fostering a Liter- The Postal Act' The Muckrakers: Magazine Journalists Campaign for Change Magazines in the First Half of the 20th Century Henry Luce's Empire, 95 Harold Ross and The New Yorker, 93 Second Half of the 20th Century: Specialized Magazines Types of Magazines, 99 How Magazines Work The Magazine Industry Today -INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Magazines Join Big Business, 108 In Focus: The Magazine Industry TheRadio Industry Radio's Pioneers, 114 America's Second National Medium: How Radio Began Broadcasting, 119 The Nation Tunes In Independnt Entrepreneurs, 118 The Birtb of Commercial Expansion and Regulation, 120 Radio's Golden Age, 125 Radio in the TV Age 131 FM and AM, 137 The FCC Recognizes FM, 131 Formats Revolutionize Programming, Radios, 134 ~ Payola, 134 How Radio Works 135 Facing the Future, 108 Government Becomes Involved, 117 The Radio Industry Today 136 The Growth of Radio Networks, 129 INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Deregulation, 137 BMI Licenses Recordings, 132 Clock and Car In Focus: The Radio Industry 148 Ratings, 138 Formats: Gordon McLendon's Legacy, 142 ~ Facing the Future, TheTelevision Industry How Television Began Television 's Pioneers, 155 Replacing Radio Television News, 158 Measuring the Auadience, 167 TV Grows Up Newto Minow and TV's Conscience, 169 Public Television, 174 How Television Works the Future, 189 The TV Industry Today Station Ownersbip, 182 Independents, 183 Changes, 186 System Ls Born, 201 A Change of Scene, 204 INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Regulation, 208 Cause: United Artists, 205 In Focus: The Television Industry The Movie Industry Entertainment Programming, l62 The Networks' Role, 182 Cable, 184 Rapid Technological Ratings Accuracy: People Meters, 1l 88 The Movies Become Big Business Capturing Motion on Film: How Movies Began A merican Movies Premiere, 199 A Time of Transition, 1 71 Maturing as a News Medium, 175 Early Films, 20O Block Booking, 205 Responding to Critics: Self- The Rise of the Moguls: The Grouwth of the Studio System, 212 The Golden Age and After The End of an Era, 214 Facing Sound Comes to the Movies: The Talkies, 211 Rebels with The Studio How TV Changed the Movie Industry, 21

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Purt One/Dyeryiew Introduetion to the Mass Media The Communication Process Understanding the Mass Media Industries: Four Key Themes Society, and Culture, 28 1. The Media as a Business, 8~ 2. The Media and Communications Technology, 21 ~3. The Media and Government, 25 ~4. Media, How MEDIA /IMPACT Works 29 In Focus: Introduction to the Mass Media 30 PartTwo/The Medin Industrit The Newspaper Industry Colonial Newspapers: Toward an Independent Press 37 The Zenger Trial, 39 - Women's Role as Colonial Publisbers, 40 The Revolutionary Partisan Press, 41 Early 1800s: Newspapers Diversify as Their Audiences Grow 44 Frontier Journalism, 44 Newspapers, 45 News Gathering, 49 Touard Mass Readership: Tbe Penny Press, 49 Photojournalism, 52 The Civil War Years: Accreditation and Photojournalism Goternment Acreditation of Jornalists, 50~ Tbe Birtb of The Heyday of Newspapers Dissident Voices: The Alternative Press, 46 National Newspaper5, 69 Etbnic and Native American Competition Breeds Sensationalism, 54 ~ Yellow Jour nalism and the Spanish-A merican War, 56 Reporters' Evolving Role 58 Unionization Encourages Profesionalism, 58 Freedom Versus National lnterest, 59 Newspapers in the Television Era 62 The Revival of the Dissident Press, 63 How Newspapers Work 65 The Newspaper Industry Today 68 ~INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Colonial Competitors News Services, 72 ~ Syndicates, 73 In Focus: The Newspaper Industry Reaching New Readers Effects, 90 The Magazine Industry Jazz Journalism, 57 The First National Mass Medium 83 Cooperative and For-Profu Women's Isszes, 84 Tradition, 86 ~ Political Commentary, 88 A Declining Readersbip, 64 War Reporting: Press Facing the Future, 73 Social Crusades, 85 ~ Fostering a Liter- The Postal Act' The Muckrakers: Magazine Journalists Campaign for Change Magazines in the First Half of the 20th Century Henry Luce's Empire, 95 Harold Ross and The New Yorker, 93 Second Half of the 20th Century: Specialized Magazines Types of Magazines, 99 How Magazines Work The Magazine Industry Today -INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Magazines Join Big Business, 108 In Focus: The Magazine Industry TheRadio Industry Radio's Pioneers, 114 America's Second National Medium: How Radio Began Broadcasting, 119 The Nation Tunes In Independnt Entrepreneurs, 118 The Birtb of Commercial Expansion and Regulation, 120 Radio's Golden Age, 125 Radio in the TV Age 131 FM and AM, 137 The FCC Recognizes FM, 131 Formats Revolutionize Programming, Radios, 134 ~ Payola, 134 How Radio Works 135 Facing the Future, 108 Government Becomes Involved, 117 The Radio Industry Today 136 The Growth of Radio Networks, 129 INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Deregulation, 137 BMI Licenses Recordings, 132 Clock and Car In Focus: The Radio Industry 148 Ratings, 138 Formats: Gordon McLendon's Legacy, 142 ~ Facing the Future, TheTelevision Industry How Television Began Television 's Pioneers, 155 Replacing Radio Television News, 158 Measuring the Auadience, 167 TV Grows Up Newto Minow and TV's Conscience, 169 Public Television, 174 How Television Works the Future, 189 The TV Industry Today Station Ownersbip, 182 Independents, 183 Changes, 186 System Ls Born, 201 A Change of Scene, 204 INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Regulation, 208 Cause: United Artists, 205 In Focus: The Television Industry The Movie Industry Entertainment Programming, l62 The Networks' Role, 182 Cable, 184 Rapid Technological Ratings Accuracy: People Meters, 1l 88 The Movies Become Big Business Capturing Motion on Film: How Movies Began A merican Movies Premiere, 199 A Time of Transition, 1 71 Maturing as a News Medium, 175 Early Films, 20O Block Booking, 205 Responding to Critics: Self- The Rise of the Moguls: The Grouwth of the Studio System, 212 The Golden Age and After The End of an Era, 214 Facing Sound Comes to the Movies: The Talkies, 211 Rebels with The Studio How TV Changed the Movie Industry, 21

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Purt One/Dyeryiew Introduetion to the Mass Media The Communication Process Understanding the Mass Media Industries: Four Key Themes Society, and Culture, 28 1. The Media as a Business, 8~ 2. The Media and Communications Technology, 21 ~3. The Media and Government, 25 ~4. Media, How MEDIA /IMPACT Works 29 In Focus: Introduction to the Mass Media 30 PartTwo/The Medin Industrit The Newspaper Industry Colonial Newspapers: Toward an Independent Press 37 The Zenger Trial, 39 - Women's Role as Colonial Publisbers, 40 The Revolutionary Partisan Press, 41 Early 1800s: Newspapers Diversify as Their Audiences Grow 44 Frontier Journalism, 44 Newspapers, 45 News Gathering, 49 Touard Mass Readership: Tbe Penny Press, 49 Photojournalism, 52 The Civil War Years: Accreditation and Photojournalism Goternment Acreditation of Jornalists, 50~ Tbe Birtb of The Heyday of Newspapers Dissident Voices: The Alternative Press, 46 National Newspaper5, 69 Etbnic and Native American Competition Breeds Sensationalism, 54 ~ Yellow Jour nalism and the Spanish-A merican War, 56 Reporters' Evolving Role 58 Unionization Encourages Profesionalism, 58 Freedom Versus National lnterest, 59 Newspapers in the Television Era 62 The Revival of the Dissident Press, 63 How Newspapers Work 65 The Newspaper Industry Today 68 ~INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Colonial Competitors News Services, 72 ~ Syndicates, 73 In Focus: The Newspaper Industry Reaching New Readers Effects, 90 The Magazine Industry Jazz Journalism, 57 The First National Mass Medium 83 Cooperative and For-Profu Women's Isszes, 84 Tradition, 86 ~ Political Commentary, 88 A Declining Readersbip, 64 War Reporting: Press Facing the Future, 73 Social Crusades, 85 ~ Fostering a Liter- The Postal Act' The Muckrakers: Magazine Journalists Campaign for Change Magazines in the First Half of the 20th Century Henry Luce's Empire, 95 Harold Ross and The New Yorker, 93 Second Half of the 20th Century: Specialized Magazines Types of Magazines, 99 How Magazines Work The Magazine Industry Today -INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Magazines Join Big Business, 108 In Focus: The Magazine Industry TheRadio Industry Radio's Pioneers, 114 America's Second National Medium: How Radio Began Broadcasting, 119 The Nation Tunes In Independnt Entrepreneurs, 118 The Birtb of Commercial Expansion and Regulation, 120 Radio's Golden Age, 125 Radio in the TV Age 131 FM and AM, 137 The FCC Recognizes FM, 131 Formats Revolutionize Programming, Radios, 134 ~ Payola, 134 How Radio Works 135 Facing the Future, 108 Government Becomes Involved, 117 The Radio Industry Today 136 The Growth of Radio Networks, 129 INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Deregulation, 137 BMI Licenses Recordings, 132 Clock and Car In Focus: The Radio Industry 148 Ratings, 138 Formats: Gordon McLendon's Legacy, 142 ~ Facing the Future, TheTelevision Industry How Television Began Television 's Pioneers, 155 Replacing Radio Television News, 158 Measuring the Auadience, 167 TV Grows Up Newto Minow and TV's Conscience, 169 Public Television, 174 How Television Works the Future, 189 The TV Industry Today Station Ownersbip, 182 Independents, 183 Changes, 186 System Ls Born, 201 A Change of Scene, 204 INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT Regulation, 208 Cause: United Artists, 205 In Focus: The Television Industry The Movie Industry Entertainment Programming, l62 The Networks' Role, 182 Cable, 184 Rapid Technological Ratings Accuracy: People Meters, 1l 88 The Movies Become Big Business Capturing Motion on Film: How Movies Began A merican Movies Premiere, 199 A Time of Transition, 1 71 Maturing as a News Medium, 175 Early Films, 20O Block Booking, 205 Responding to Critics: Self- The Rise of the Moguls: The Grouwth of the Studio System, 212 The Golden Age and After The End of an Era, 214 Facing Sound Comes to the Movies: The Talkies, 211 Rebels with The Studio How TV Changed the Movie Industry, 21