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Chapitre 1 DÉFINIR LE COMPORTEMENT ENTREPRENEURIAL INTRODUCTION Les quatre dimensions du comportement entrepreneurial 1 Définitions opérationnelles 3 Implications 5 COMPORTEMENT ENTREPRENEURIAL 5 Activités 6 Qualité intentionnelle du comportement entrepreneurial 8 Implications 20 TYPES D'ENTREPRENEURIAT Archétypes de l'entrepreneuriat WNork 21 Une typologie des événements entrepreneuriaux 23 Implications 29 Chapitre 2 ENTREPRENEURIAT : VISION CRÉATIVE INTRODUCTION 35 Implications 36 LE PROCESSUS CRÉATIF 37 Définition des termes 37 Implications 47 Créativité dans la résolution de problèmes 40 Obstacles à la créativité 47 Implications 49 Chapitre 1 DÉFINIR LE COMPORTEMENT ENTREPRENEURIAL INTRODUCTION Les quatre dimensions du comportement entrepreneurial 1 Définitions opérationnelles 3 Implications 5 COMPORTEMENT ENTREPRENEURIAL 5 Activités 6 Qualité intentionnelle du comportement entrepreneurial 8 Implications 20 TYPES D'ENTREPRENEURIAT Archétypes de l'entrepreneuriat WNork 21 Une typologie des événements entrepreneuriaux 23 Implications 29 Chapitre 2 ENTREPRENEURIAT : VISION CRÉATIVE INTRODUCTION 35 Implications 36 LE PROCESSUS CRÉATIF 37 Définition des termes 37 Implications 47 Créativité dans la résolution de problèmes 40 Obstacles à la créativité 47 Implications 49 Chapitre 4 IDENTIFIER ET DÉVELOPPER LES BONS ÉLÉMENTS : MOTIVATION INTRODUCTION 77 Motivation de réussite Motivation à la réussite chez les entrepreneurs 79 Implications 80 BESOIN DE CONTRÔLE 81 Importance du hasard et des autres puissants 83 Implications 84 ACCEPTATION DES RISQUES 84 Un modèle de comportement à risque 85 Implications 89 VALEURS 94 Recherche sur la prise de risque entrepreneuriale 89 Implications Entrepreneuriat : un mode de vie valorisé 95 Résultats entrepreneuriaux valorisés 77 Implications 107 Impact organisationnel des valeurs entrepreneuriales 106 Chapitre 5 LE RÔLE DES CAPACITÉS ET DE LA MOTIATION : UN RÉSUMÉ 108 413 L'IMPACT DE L'HISTOIRE PERSONNELLE : AU-DELÀ DE LA PEUR ET LA CULPABILITÉ INTRODUCTION 113 103 MODÈLE PSYCHANALYTIQUE DE L'ENTREPRENEURIAT 115 LA FAMILLE DE L'ENTREPRENEUR 117 Père négatif 117 Impact du Père 118 Le père comme modèle : apprentissage social 118 Mère positive et négative 119 impact de la famille sur la personnalité 121 Impact de la psychodynamique sur l'organisation 123 Tensions psychologiques courantes 125 Résumé Implications de l'entrepreneur autoritaire 127 AU-DELÀ DE LA PEUR ET DE LA CULPABILITÉ : L'APPEL À L'AVENTURE 127 Le voyage du héros 128 Chapitre 6 LE LIEU : DES SITUATIONS QUI CATALYSENT ENTREPRENEURIAT 137 INTRODUCTION 137 La nature et l'importance du contexte 138 L'ÉCOLOGIE DE L'ENTREPRENEURIAT 139 Survie : Sélection par « Nature 140 » Implications 142 Survie : « Nourrir » stratégique 143 Implications 146 CONTEXTE GÉNÉRAL : ÉCONOMIQUE, SOCIAL ET POLITIQUE CONDITIONS 146 Conditions économiques, technologiques et de marché 146 Turbulences et Chaos 148 Implications 151 Conditions sociales et culturelles 151 Implications 153 Conditions politiques 153 CONTEXTE SPÉCIFIQUE : DÉPLACEMENTS 154 CONTEXTE SPÉCIFIQUE : INCUBATEURS D'ENTREPRENEURIAT 157 Entreprises dérivées 157 Incubation prévue 160 Implications 163 RÉSULTATS ÉCONOMIQUES, SOCIAUX ET POLITIQUES DE ENTREPRENEURIAT 163 Implications 134 impact de la famille sur la personnalité 121 Impact de la psychodynamique sur l'organisation 123 Tensions psychologiques courantes 125 Résumé Implications de l'entrepreneur autoritaire 127 AU-DELÀ DE LA PEUR ET DE LA CULPABILITÉ : L'APPEL À L'AVENTURE 127 Le voyage du héros 128 Chapitre 6 LE LIEU : DES SITUATIONS QUI CATALYSENT ENTREPRENEURIAT 137 INTRODUCTION 137 La nature et l'importance du contexte 138 L'ÉCOLOGIE DE L'ENTREPRENEURIAT 139 Survie : Sélection par « Nature 140 » Implications 142 Survie : « Nourrir » stratégique 143 Implications 146 CONTEXTE GÉNÉRAL : ÉCONOMIQUE, SOCIAL ET POLITIQUE CONDITIONS 146 Conditions économiques, technologiques et de marché 146 Turbulences et Chaos 148 Implications 151 Conditions sociales et culturelles 151 Implications 153 Conditions politiques 153 CONTEXTE SPÉCIFIQUE : DÉPLACEMENTS 154 CONTEXTE SPÉCIFIQUE : INCUBATEURS D'ENTREPRENEURIAT 157 Entreprises dérivées 157 Incubation prévue 160 Implications 163 RÉSULTATS ÉCONOMIQUES, SOCIAUX ET POLITIQUES DE ENTREPRENEURIAT 163 Implications 134 Contributions 164 Résultats organisationnels 165 RÉSUMÉ DES FACTEURS CONTEXTUELLES IMPORTANCE DU CONFLIT 167 Chapitre 7 LE CHEMIN : CARRIÈRES ET MODES DE VIE DE ENTREPRENEURS 469 INTRODUCTION 169 Choix de carrière 170 Appariement organisationnel des personnes et des emplois 172 CARRIÈRES ENTREPRENEURIALES 173 Types de carrières entrepreneuriales 173 PHASES DE LA CARRIÈRE ENTREPRENEURIALE 177 Phase 1 : Entrée dans l'entrepreneuriat 177 Phase 2 : Travailler durLe style de vie entrepreneurial 184 Phase 3 : Grandir ou ne pas grandir 193 Phase 4 : Sortir 195 CRISES DE CARRIÈRE ET TRANSITIONS DE RÔLE 202 Implications 202 Chapitre 8 ÉQUIPES INTERNES : PARTENAIRES INTRODUCTION 205 ÉQUIPES D'ENTREPRISE 206 Taille de l'équipe 206 Recherche sur les équipes d'investissement 207 Relations instrumentales 207 Tâches de travail en équipe 209 Partenariats fondés sur l'amitié et le mariage 210 Contributions 164 Résultats organisationnels 165 RÉSUMÉ DES FACTEURS CONTEXTUELLES IMPORTANCE DU CONFLIT 167 Chapitre 7 LE CHEMIN : CARRIÈRES ET MODES DE VIE DE ENTREPRENEURS 469 INTRODUCTION 169 Choix de carrière 170 Appariement organisationnel des personnes et des emplois 172 CARRIÈRES ENTREPRENEURIALES 173 Types de carrières entrepreneuriales 173 PHASES DE LA CARRIÈRE ENTREPRENEURIALE 177 Phase 1 : Entrée dans l'entrepreneuriat 177 Phase 2 : Travailler durLe style de vie entrepreneurial 184 Phase 3 : Grandir ou ne pas grandir 193 Phase 4 : Sortir 195 CRISES DE CARRIÈRE ET TRANSITIONS DE RÔLE 202 Implications 202 Chapitre 8 ÉQUIPES INTERNES : PARTENAIRES INTRODUCTION 205 ÉQUIPES D'ENTREPRISE 206 Taille de l'équipe 206 Recherche sur les équipes d'investissement 207 Relations instrumentales 207 Tâches de travail en équipe 209 Partenariats fondés sur l'amitié et le mariage 210 STRUCTURES DE PARTENARIAT 214 Définition 215 Éléments structurels 217 PROCESSUS DYNAMIQUES DE PARTENARIATS 2199 Attraction (Rapprochement) 221 Liens (Rester ensemble) Projection 225 Gestion du changement et des conflits 225 Développement interpersonnel 228 PARTENARIATS RÉUSSIS 228 Valeur ajoutée 230 Réussite en affaires 231 Chapitre 9 ÉQUIPES INTERNES : EMPLOYÉS INTRODUCTION 233 MOTIVATIONS DES EMPLOYÉS 233 Environnements créatifs pour adultes 234 Visibilité et opportunités d'apprentissage 235 Participation 235 Partage des bénéfices et capitaux propres 236 Implications 238 ENTREPRENEURS COMME PATRONS 239 Motivations des entrepreneurs 239 PRATIQUES DU PERSONNEL 240 Recrutement et embauche 241 Formation et développement 247 Implications 249 LA FIN DE L'ÉQUIPE 250 RÉSUMÉ ET CONCLUSIONS SUR LES ÉQUIPES INTERNES : PARTENAIRES ET EMPLOYÉS 251 Chapitre 11 LE RÔLE ENTREPRENEURIAL : L'ÉVOLUTION D'UN LEADER 299 INTRODUCTION 299 THÉORIE DES RÔLES 299 Un modèle de développement de rôle 300 TÂCHES DU RÔLE ENTREPRENEURIAL 303 Dilemmes de rôle TYPES DE RÔLES ENTREPRENEURIAUX 305 Créateur de l'organisation Transformateur d'organisation 318 Promoteur 320 Mentor et modèle 321 Investisseur et social Figure 324 LEADERSHIP ENTREPRENEURIAL 325 Leadership comparé à la gestion 326 Entrepreneurs en tant que gestionnaires 326 X Aspects du leadership 328 Responsabilités de leadership 329 Implications 334 TRANSITIONS DE RÔLE 334 Étapes de la croissance organisationnelle 336 Problèmes liés à la croissance 338 Leadership à différentes étapes 339 Le choix de l'entrepreneur : changer ou quitter la croissance Entreprise 346 Implications 347 CONCLUSIONS : À PROPOS DU LEADERSHIP ENTREPRENEURIAL 348 Chapitre 12 APPRENTISSAGE, AUTOGESTION ET AUTRES COMPÉTENCES DES ENTREPRENEURS À SUCCÈS INTRODUCTION 349 Chapitre 10 RELATIONS EXTÉRIEURES 253 INTRODUCTION 253 ENVIRONNEMENT ENTREPRENEURIAL 253 Analyse de l'environnement 255 CAPITAL-RISQUE 256 Définition 256 Nature de la relation Contributions en capital-risque à l'entreprise 262 Une relation en évolution 272 CONSEILS D'ADMINISTRATION ET CONSEILLERS 274 Avantages et inconvénients Structure du Conseil 276 Dynamique changeante 276 PARTENAIRES D'ENTREPRISE ET ALLIANCES STRATÉGIQUES 277 Nature de l'Alliance Trouver un allié 279 banquiers Avocats 284 Questions sans réponse 279 CONSEILLERS PROFESSIONNELS 283 Comptables 285 Autres conseillers 288 Soutien financier 289 SYSTÈMES DE SOUTIEN PERSONNEL : FAMILLE ET AMIS 28E Conflits de valeurs 290 RÉSEAUX 294 Aide aux entreprises non financières 289 Réseaux formels et informels 294 Fonctions du réseau 294 Qualités des réseaux 295 Faiblesses du réseautage 296 Implications 297

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INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BUSENES ORGANIZATION AND TAXES THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONEMENT TIME VALUE OF MONEY VALUATION RISK AND THE RATE OF RETURN EVALUATION AND FORECASTING ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. FINANCIAL PLANNING AND FORECASTING WORKING CAPITAL ANAGEMENT.CASH AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE MANAGEMENT.INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SHORT TERM FINANCING.INVESTMENT DECISIONS CAPITAL BUDGETING.ESTIMATING CSH FLOWS CAPITALBUDGETING UNDER RISK. COST OF CAPITAL AND VALUATION THE COST OF CAPITAL.FINANCIAL STRUCTURE DECISIONS CAPITAL STRUCTURE THEORIE.DIVIDEND POLICY : THEORY AND PRACTICE INVESTMENT BANKING AND COMMON STOCK FINANCING LONG TERM DEBT.LEASING, » HYBRID » SECURITIES and WARRANTS SPECIAL FINANCING SITUATIONS : MERGERS, ACQUISITIONS, AND BANKRUPTCY INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, POSTSCRIPT

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The role of supervisory management PLANNING Fundamentals of planning Decision making and problem solving ORGANIZING Fundamentals of organizing Delegating authority LEADING Communication Group dynamics and meetings Motivation Leadership MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES Selecting and training employees Appraising and compensating employees Counseling employees Handling disciplinary problems The supervisor and labor relations CONTROLLING Exercising control Controlling productivity, quality, and safety Management information systems and the computer CURRENT CHALLENGES SAND OPPORTUNITIES Team building and managing change Changing to a participative management Culture and developing creativity Stress and time management Careers in supervisory management

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The role of supervisory management PLANNING Fundamentals of planning Decision making and problem solving ORGANIZING Fundamentals of organizing Delegating authority LEADING Communication Group dynamics and meetings Motivation Leadership MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES Selecting and training employees Appraising and compensating employees Counseling employees Handling disciplinary problems The supervisor and labor relations CONTROLLING Exercising control Controlling productivity, quality, and safety Management information systems and the computer CURRENT CHALLENGES SAND OPPORTUNITIES Team building and managing change Changing to a participative management Culture and developing creativity Stress and time management Careers in supervisory management

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The role of supervisory management PLANNING Fundamentals of planning Decision making and problem solving ORGANIZING Fundamentals of organizing Delegating authority LEADING Communication Group dynamics and meetings Motivation Leadership MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES Selecting and training employees Appraising and compensating employees Counseling employees Handling disciplinary problems The supervisor and labor relations CONTROLLING Exercising control Controlling productivity, quality, and safety Management information systems and the computer CURRENT CHALLENGES SAND OPPORTUNITIES Team building and managing change Changing to a participative management Culture and developing creativity Stress and time management Careers in supervisory management

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Preface The Study of Money and Banking and the Financial System: What This Subject Includes and Why Understanding Money: Key Element in Understanding the Economy 2 Monetary Theory, Policy and Macroeconomics 2 The Banking System: Integral Part of the Money Systerm 5 Central Banking and the U.S. Federal Reserve System Structure of the Financial System: Money, Plus Financial Institutions, Instruments arnd Markets 7 The New World"" of Banking and Finance 9 Appendix 1A A Guide to Information Sources 697 What Do We Want From Our Money-Banking-Financial System? 11 PART I. INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF MONEY, INTEREST RATES, MONETARY THEORY, AND MONETARY POLICY The Nature and Functions of Money: What It Is and What It Does and Row The Nature and Importance of Money 19 The Basic Functions of Money A Brief History of the Evolution of Money The Size and Components of the U.S. Money Supply 28 The Modern Payments System 29 The Time Value of Money, and Interest Rates and Bond Yields 37 Money: The Sooner It's Received, the More It's Worth The Effect of Compounding 38 Finding the Future Value of a Present Sum 41 Finding the Present Value of a Future Sum The Present Value of a Perpetual Income Understanding and Measuring Interest Rates and Bond Yields 46 The Time Value of Money: Key to Financial Markets 51 Appendix 3A Future Value (Compounding) and Present Value (Discounting) Tables 703 The Demand for Money and Velocity: An Introduction to Macro-Monetary Theory Liquidity Preference: Motives for Holding Money 55 The Special Meaning of the Term "Demand for Money'" 57 Interest Rates Influence the Quantity of Money Demanded (Mqd) 60 The Macroeconomic Role of Money 63 The Demand For Money (Md), the Money Supply (M), and the Velocity of Circulation (V) 65 More Aout Money The Aregates, Vele ity, and Enssee of Monetary Petiy PART II. OVERVIEW OF THE EVOLUTION OF ANID) THE 1 980s REVOLUTION N THE BANKING AND FINANCIAL SYSTEM Caleolating the Sire of the Mfeney Supply: Exactiy What n Money? The Fet Defines and Monitors the Money Arestes The Meney Suppiy, Ttal Spending, and the Circular Flow The Money Suppty, Financiai Markets, and Interest Rates 83 Evolution of the U.s. Banking Svstem I: Focus on Commercial Banks o The Early Development of Banking 95 Nationwide Banks: The First and Second Banks of the United States The National Banking System: 1864-1914 National Banking Crises Lead to the Federal Reserve Act The 1930s: Depressed Conditions and Revolutionary Changes in Banking e hvolulion of the Organizational Structure of Commnercial Banks Bank Regulation and Supervision: The Overlapping Bureaucracy Evofution of the U.S. Banking System II: Focus on the Thrifts The Thrifts Have Several Things in Common Mutual Savings Banks Credit Unions Savings and Loan Associations (S & Ls) 123 The Garn-St Germain Act of 1982 144 The Interlocked U.S. and Worldwide System of Depository Institutions Evolution of the U.S. Financial System after the 1930s By the Mid-1960s the 1930s "Shoe" No Longer Fit The Hunt Report and the FINE Study Call for Deregulation 133 The Unlegislated (Market-Directed) Financial Revolution Begins The Rapid Growth of Interstate Banking 147 Everything 153 EFTS: The Electronic Banking Revolution 151 The 1980s Revolution in Money and Banking: A New Financial System for the "Loopholing'" Plays a Major Role 157 Financial Industry Turmoil in 1979-80: The Crisis Arrives The Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act (DIDMCA) of A Real U.S. Central Bank-Finally ! 161 Appendix 8A Explanations of Various Kinds of EFTS Functions 706 System 169 The FSLIC Crisis of 1986-87 and the Competitive Equality Banking Act of Who Really Controls Fed Policy? 169 Currency Elasticity and the "Real Bills" Doctrine 163 Battleground of the Revolution: Everybody into Banking and Banks into Evolution, Structure, and Functions of the U.S. Central Bank: The Federal Reserve System 161 The Fed: From the Beginning to the Great Depression 165 Unification of the Fed: The Banking Acts of 1933 and 1935 168 The Modern-Day Structure and Functioning of the Federal Reserve Operations of the FOMC-- The Expanded Board of Governors? 172 The Board of Governors: What Does it Do? 173 PART III. FINANCLAL INTERMEDIARIES, INSTRUMENTS AND MARKETS: THE FLOW OF FUNDS FROM SURPLUS ECONOMIC UNITS (SEUs) "TO DEFICIT ECONOMIC UNITS (DEUs) Iinancial Intermediation: Faciliating the Flow of Funds from Savers (Sls) to Borrowers The Middieman" Role of Financial Internediation Buying and Selling Current Dollars 182 Pinancial Intermediation Serves the SEU, The DEUs, and the Economny An Overview of Financial Intermediaries in the U.S. Economy 188 Financial Intermediation Benefits the SEUs 191 Financial Intermediation Also Benefits the DEUs, and the Economy 94 Keal Assets, Financial Assets, and the Economic Functions of Financial Instruments and Markets 200 1he Distinction Between Real Assets'" and "Financial Assets" 200 Financial Instrumnents: Claims on (and Obligation to Pay) Future Dollars 202 Derivative Financial Instruments: Options and Futures The Nature and Functions of Financial Markets 206 The Primary (New Issues) Market 207 The Secondary (Resale) Market 210 Regulation of the Securities Markets 214 The Stock Market Crash of October, 1987 709 Background Why Did the Market Crash? Why No Depression? And What Happens Now? 712 The Capital Market and the Money Market 218 Instruments of the Capital Market, the Money Market, and the Flow of Funds System 218 Characteristics of Bonds, and the Bond Market 219 Characteristics of Corporate Stock 221 Characteristics of Mortgages and the Mortgage Market 222 Instruments of the Money Market 227 Eurodollars and the Eurodollar Market 229 Financial Markets, Intermediation, and the U.S. and World Economy: An Overview 232 Financial Markets and Interest Rate Structures: How to Read the Yield Curves 235 Interest Rate Structures: Different Yields on Different Securities 236 The Term Structure of Interest Rates 238 What Determines the Shape and slope of the Term-Structure Yield Curve? 240 The Risk Structure of Interest Rates 247 Choice 259 PART IV. PORTFOLIO THEORY AND COMMERCIAL BANKING: THE LENDING FUNCTION, AND THE MANAGEMENT OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL Chapter 14 Asset Management and Intelligent Investing: The Principles of Portfolio Allocating Your Wealth: What Assets to Hold? 259 Principles of Portfolio Choice: Common Sense Plus More 261 Appendix Rik Avesion and the Cbetives of Portfolio Managemerst Calculating the Expected Return on an Aset Cost 273 Perfec t Negative Covartance Could Eliminate the Risk Portfolio Choice: An Exercise in Cpportunity The Basic Business of Banking: Making Business and Consumer I Buying and Selling Mfoney Mfeans Acquiring Liabilities and Assets Bank Income, Expenses and Profitability The Bank 's Assets: Uses of Funds 280 Kinds and Characteristics of Business Loans Kinds and Characteristics of Non-business Loans 288 Bank Asset Managenment: Al Assets Must Be Considered 293 Managing Bank Assets: Cash and Reserves, Securities, and the Loan Portfolio 297 Managing Bank Assets: Choices Between and Within Categories Managing the Bank's "Cash Position Managing Bank Liabilities and Capital 315 Overview of the Bank's Liabilities 315 Managing the Bank's "Investments" Portfolio Managing the Bank's Loan Portfolio 306 Balanced Diversification: The Only WVay to Safety and Profits The Deposit Structure of the Typical Bank 317 Bank Capital (Owner's Equity) 319 GAP Management of Uncertain Managing the Bank's Monev Position and Meeting the Reserve Requirement Bank Management and Need for Liquidity 325 The Ultimate Source of Safety and Liquidity: A Healthy Economy Duration: the Average Effective Time" to Maturity 715 Interest Rate Swaps 718 Hedging with Financial Futures and Options 719 Overview of Managing Interest Rate Risk Managing Interest Rate Risk: Gap Managemnent, Duration, Futures and Swaps PART V. THE MONEY SUPPLY PROCESS: THE BANKING SYSTEM, THE FED, THE MONETARY BAs AND MONEY MULTIPLIERS A Balance Sheet View of Monetary Expansion 345 New Reserves Come From the Federal Reserve System 341 Focusing on the Bank's Balance Sheet 343 Introduction to Money Creation and the Concept of the Deposit Multipliers Money is Created and Destroyed Through the Banking System 335 Lending Excess Reserves Creates Money 338 The Money Supply Expansion Process and the Money Multipliers 352 The Deposit Multiplier 352 Cash Drain is the Major Factor Limiting Money Expansion 354 Reserves for Non-Checkable Deposits Limit the Expansion of Checkable Deposits 355 The Checkable Deposit Multiplier When r D, c//D, and rnD Are All Considered Our Money Supply is Created by the Banking System 359 The U.S. Monetary Base, Money Multipliers and Money Supply 359 Central Banking: The Fed's Tools of Monetary Control and How They Work 364 The Ceontral Bank Controls the Nation's Money Supply 364 Changing Reserve Requirements 366 Changing the Discount Rate 367 Open Market Operations 369 The Mechanics of Open Market Operations 374 The Double-WVhammy" Effect of Open Market Operations Reserve Requirements and Discount Rates Support OMOs 379 Creating Bank Reserves: The Fed's Balance Sheet. Bank Reserves, and the Monetary Base 383 When the Fed Buys Anything It Creates Bank Reserves The Fed's Major Assets and Liabilities: The Monetary Base The Mysterious Item Called Float" Bank Reserves (R), the Monetary Base (B), and the Money Supply (M) 38b The Balance Sheet of the Federal Reserve System ne Fed's Treasury and Foreign Transactions and the Bank Reserves" and "Monetary Base'" Equations 396 The Role of Gold and SDRS in International Finance Fed Purchases of Assets From the U.S. Treasury or From Foreign Central BanKs Have No Initial Effect on B, R, or M 396 Government Spending (Issuing Checks by the Treasury) Adds to the Monetary Base 398 PART VI. OVERVIEW OF MONETARY THEORY AND POLICY: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUES, IDEAS AND PAST EXPERIENCE The Fed's Holdings of Treasury Currency Reduce the Monetary Base 403 The Treasury's Tax and Loan (T&L) Accounts Stabilize the Treasury's Intluence on Bank Reserves 405 Summary and Synthesis of Factors Altering Bank Reserves and the Monetary Base: The Bank Reserves and Monetary Base Equations 409 Supply 426 The Conflicting Goals and Targets of Monetary Policy 419 The Goals of Monetary Policy 419 The Fed's Strategy: How Does It Pursue Its Goals? 422 Targeting the General Level of Interest Rates 428 Which Intermediate Variable to Target? Money Supply? or Interest Rates? 425 The Money-Stock Target: Focusing on the Growth Rate of the Money Changing Policies and Targets- The Fed's Monetary Targets and Policies, Past and Present 434 The Fed's World War II and Post War Policies 439 A Stable Money Supply and Stable Interest Rates: Both Desirable Objectives 434 The Fed Can "Monitor"" Both M and i, Strictly Targeting Neither 438 1950s-1970s 440 The So-Called "Monetarist Experiment": October, 1979-October, 1982 441 Flexible Policies for Uncertain Times: The Late 1980s 443 Money Supply, Output and Prices: Monetarist and Keynesian Theories, and Real-World Experience 449 Everybody Knows That "Money Matters'": But How Much? And Why? 449 An Introduction to the Keynesian-Monetarist Controversy 450 The Equation of Exchange (MV = PQ) and the Keynesian-Montarist Debate 4 Money and Inflation: Too Much Money Chasing Too Few Goods? 459 The "Tight Money'" Recession of 1980-82 461 Money and Inlationi KeVnesian and Crve Framework PART VIL. MONETARY THEORY I: THE BASIC MODELS AND THE IS-LM FRAMEWORK Monetarist Theories Vie wedt The Concet ot of the Phillips Curve The Hvppothetial short-Ruin Phillips Ctrve What Might Cause the Curve to Shif 4n0 A Phillips Curve? The Empirical Evidence The Natural Rate of Unemplovment 474 Theory of Money 486 The Theory of the Self-Regulating Macroeconomy: Foundation and Monetarist Models 485 Basic Theories of the Self-Regulating Macroeconomy: Say's Law and ihe Quas Say's Law: Supply Creates its Own Demand 486 The Quantity Theory: Increased M Causes Only Increased P 487 The Theory of Wages and Unemploynent 492 The Classical Theory of Interest: How S = I is Automatically Achieved 497 An Introduction to Keynes and His Model of the Macroeconomy 502 Keynesian Economics Focuses on Depression: Causes and Cures 503 The Basic Focus of Keynesian Economics 504 Keynesian Macroequilibrium: Where Planned Saving Equals Planned Investment 508 Macroequilibrium in the Circular Flow Diagram: The Keynesian Two-Spending-Sector (C + I) Model In the Keynesian Model, Total Spending (E) Holds the Key 511 Macroequilibrium in the Keynesian Cross Diagram 512 Simple Algebra of the Two-Spending-Sector Model 730 Basic Concepts: The Relationships between Curves and Equations 728 Points of Income-Spending Equilibrium: The "1-S"" Curve 519 The Income (or Investment, or Expenditure) Multiplier 519 The Keynesian Four-Spending-Sector Model 521 National Income (Ceteris Paribus) is a Function of the Rate of Investment Spending 523 Using Algebra to Derive the Income Multiplier 735 The Investment Spending Decision: Expected Returns and Interest Costs 524 The IS Curve: Combinations of r and Y at which S =I 527 Calculating National Income When All Spending Sectors are Considered 738 The Algebra of Tax Withdrawals and the Balanced Budget Multiplier 740 A Closer Look at the Demand for Money and the Role of Money in the Macroeconomy 532 Money Demand in the Classical and Keynesian Models 532 Keynes Emphasized the Speculative Demand for Money 534 The Accelerationist" Hypothesis 476 Movement Toward Synthesis in Macroeconomic Theory 478 Speculative Denmand and the "Liquidity Trap" 540 The Total Demand for Money: Li + L2 L 541 Points of Money Supply-Money Demand Equilibrium: The LM Curve and IS-L.M Equilibrium 548 PART VIII. MONETARY THEORY II: DEVELOPING AND USING THE AD-AS FRAMEWORK TO ANALY ZE THE MACROECONOMY IN THE MODERN MONETARIST, MODERN KEYNESIAN AND OTHER RECENT MODELS Developing the LM Curve: Conbinations of Y and r at which L ( Mqd) Bquals M 548 The LM Curve Joins Points of Y and r where L( Mqd) Equals M 551 Meanwhile, What's Happening in the Macroeconomy? 555 Using the Algebra of IS-LM to Find Simultaneous Equilibrium 743 Understanding Aggregate Demand and Developing the AD Curve The AD-AS Framework Another Way to Analyze the Circular Flow How Price Level Changes Affect AQD: The AD Curve 572 The Effects of a Shifting LM Curve 584 What Causes AD to Shift? Monetarist and Keynesian ExplanationsS b75 Relationships Between the IS-LM Diagram and the AD Curve Relationships Between the IS Curve and the AD Curve 581 Increasing Y Brings Increasing r Which Limits I and Y: The Crowding-Out Effect 584 Understanding Aggregate Supply 589 Understanding Aggregate Supply and Analyzing the Macroeconomy in the AD-AS Framework 589 The AD-ASsr Diagram and Short-Run Macroequilibriun 593 595 Effects of Changes in Aggregate Demand 598 What Happens to ASsr in the Long Run Depends on the Economic Condition in the Short Run The Great Depression and the Keynesian Attack 608 Short-Run and Long-Run Effects of a Shift in AS (a "Supply Shock'") 598 The Monetarist "Accelerationist Hypothesis'" in the AD-AS Model 602 The Development of the Modern Monetarist Model 608 Modern Monetarist and Modern Keynesian Theories Viewed in the AD-AS Framework 607 Friedman's "Modern Quantity Theory'" 610 More Developments in Modern Keynesian Theory 616 The Modern Keynesian View of Friedman's Quantity Theory 615 The Significance of the Modern Monetarist and Modern Keynesian Models 621 The New Theory of Rational Expectations and "New Classical"" Economics 626 The Meaning and Importance of "Rational Expectations'" 626 The Effect of the "Lucas Critique'" in the ISLM Framework 62 The Macroeconomic Model of New Classical Economics 632 What About Rational Expectations Without Free-Moving Wages and Prices? 637 Rational Expectations in the "Completely Non-Classical" Case: The Keynesian Model The Public's Rational Expectations Can Help in Fighting Inflation 641 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Supply-Side Theories: Supply Shocks and "Real" Business Cycles A Different View: Focus on the "Supply Side" 645 AD-AS Analysis of a Supply-Side Anti-Inflation Program 649 Chapter 38 Bfects of a Negative Supply Shock: Monetary Accomnodation? Or Not? 651 A Positive Supply Shock: Increasing Productivity Shifts Both ASsr and ASIr to the Right 654 Supply-Induced Fluctuations: *Real" Business Cycles PART IX. INTERNATIONAL BANKING AND FINANCIAL MARKETS: RAPID GLOBAL INTEGRATION INTO A ONE-WORLD SYSTEM 654 The International Balance of Payments 665 International Trade and the Functioning of the Foreign Exchange Markes Explosive Growth of the "World Economy"" 663 The Worldwide Foreign Exchange Market 667 670 645 The Purchasing Power Parity Theory of Exchange Rates Factors Which Influence the Supply and Demand for a Nation's Currency How and Why are Floating Exchange Rates Managed? The U.S. Dollar in the 1980s: A Roller Coaster Ride! 676 678 International Banking and the Worldwide Financial System 683 The Vital Role of the International Banking System 683 International Correspon dent Banking 684 Why Do Banks Establish Foreign Branches? 686 Expanding International Activities of American Banks 688 Foreign Banking Activity in the United States and Worldwide 690 The Worldwide Money-Banking-Financial System: An Overview 691 683

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An introduction to management SCIENCE AN INTRODUCTION TO LINEAR PROGRAMMING THE SIMPLEX METHOD DUALY TEORY AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS TRANSPORTATION AND ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS GOAL PROGRAMMING, NETWORK MODELS,PERT/CPM INTERGER PROGRAMMING ,NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING , DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING GAME THEORY, WAITING LINE MODELS, MARKOV PROCESSES,INVENTORY MODELS SIMULATION MODELING,DECISION ANALYSIS, SYNTHESIS IMPLATATION OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

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An introduction to management SCIENCE AN INTRODUCTION TO LINEAR PROGRAMMING THE SIMPLEX METHOD DUALY TEORY AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS TRANSPORTATION AND ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS GOAL PROGRAMMING, NETWORK MODELS,PERT/CPM INTERGER PROGRAMMING ,NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING , DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING GAME THEORY, WAITING LINE MODELS, MARKOV PROCESSES,INVENTORY MODELS SIMULATION MODELING,DECISION ANALYSIS, SYNTHESIS IMPLATATION OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

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An introduction to management SCIENCE AN INTRODUCTION TO LINEAR PROGRAMMING THE SIMPLEX METHOD DUALY TEORY AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS TRANSPORTATION AND ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS GOAL PROGRAMMING, NETWORK MODELS,PERT/CPM INTERGER PROGRAMMING ,NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING , DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING GAME THEORY, WAITING LINE MODELS, MARKOV PROCESSES,INVENTORY MODELS SIMULATION MODELING,DECISION ANALYSIS, SYNTHESIS IMPLATATION OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

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An introduction to management SCIENCE AN INTRODUCTION TO LINEAR PROGRAMMING THE SIMPLEX METHOD DUALY TEORY AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS TRANSPORTATION AND ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS GOAL PROGRAMMING, NETWORK MODELS,PERT/CPM INTERGER PROGRAMMING ,NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING , DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING GAME THEORY, WAITING LINE MODELS, MARKOV PROCESSES,INVENTORY MODELS SIMULATION MODELING,DECISION ANALYSIS, SYNTHESIS IMPLATATION OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

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The Labor Market The Labor Market and the Economy Unique Features of the Labor Market 4 Labor Market Outcomes 7 The Labor Market Process The Evolution of Labor Market Theory The Importance of Theory and Hypothesis Testing The Importance of Theory for Public Policy 34 Summary 37 Hours of Work 41 The Patte rn of Hours of Work 41 Empirical Evidence The Market for Teachers IN THE NEWS Different Views on the Merits of Raising the Empirical Evidence The Theory of the Labor/Leisure Choice Qualifications to the Labor/Leisure Model 73 The Time-Series Pattern of Hours of Work 81 Summary 86 Labor Force Participation 97 Labor Supply Curves Estimated from Cross-Sectional Data 56 IN THE NEWS Why Do the Japanese Work So Hard; and Are the French Lazy? 58 Policy Applica tion Policy Applica tion IN THE NEWS Appendix 2A Estimating a Labor Supply Curve with Linear Regression 90 Patterns in Labor Force Participation 99 The Decision to Work 100 The Reagan Tax Cuts and Labor Supply 60 Income Maintenance Programs and Labor Supply 65 A New Effort at Welfare Reform 72 A Household Model of Labor Supply Changes in Participation over Time 117 Definition and Measurement of the Labor Force 97 A Bargaining Model of Family Labor Supply 132 Summary 136 Empirical Evidence Age/Participation Profiles 110 Policy Application Labor Force Growth during Recessions 114 IN THE NEWS IN THE NEVWS Appendix 3A The Allocation of Tine to Market Work, Home Work, and Leisure: A Graphic Exposition The Demand for Labor in the Short Run The Pattern of Employment 146 The Marginal Productivity Theory of Labor Demand The Elasticity of Demand for Labor Summary Dual Earner Families and Labor Mobility How Couples React When Wives Outearn Husbands 134 Empirical Evidence Policy Application IN THE NEWS The Relationship between Product Demand and Labor Demand 173 Screening and the Demand for Labor IN THE NEWS IN THE NEWS Was General Motors Off Its Labor Demand Curve? 160 Policy Applica tion Imports and the Demand for Labor The Pattern of Wages 225 Union Wage Concessions in the Auto Industry 166 Wage Subsidy Programs 169 The High Cost to Employers of an Older The Demand for Labor in the Long Run The Pattern of Capital/La bor Substitution 193 The Theory of Labor Demand in the Long Run 195 The Determinants of the Elasticity of Labor Demand 203 Technological Change and Labor Demand 208 Productivity Growth and the Demand for Labor 213 The Determination of Wages 225 Monopsony 253 Changes in Wage Rates 237 High-Tech Allows American Firms to Stay Competitive with Overseas Rivals 214 Empirical Evidence Productivity Growth and Employmernt in Agriculture and Telephone Communication 216 Policy Application Employment Forecasting 218 Unions and Wages 256 Wage Determination in Competitive Markets 227 The Firm's Internal Wage Structure 262 Work Force 178 Summary 222 Segmented Labor Markets 268 Summary 272 Empirical Evidence Wages of Secretaries Empirical Evdence Wages of Oi Field and Packinghose Workers IN THE NEWS Market Adiustments to a Labor Shortage Take Many Forms 244 Policy Application The Mininum Wage 247 IN THE NEWS Fims Develop Two-Tier Work Forces 272 Appendix 6A Data and Reference Sources in Labor Economics The Pattern of Education and Earnings 281 The Theory of Human Capital 283 Education, Training, and Earnings Differemtials: The Theory of Human Capital 281 Schooling and the Distribution of Individual Earnings 298 The Link between Education and Earnings: Is It Productivity or Screening? 313 On-the-Job Training 317 Summary 330 Empirical Evidence The College Labor Market in the 1960s and 1970s Occupational Wage Differentials 339 The Pattern of Occupational Earnings 339 Occupational Licensing 381 Summary 386 IN THE NEWS The Job Market for Today's College Graduates 296 Empirical Evidence Schooling and Earnings 307 IN THE NEWS Why Asian Americans Are Climbing to the Top 314 The Theory of Occupational Wage Differentials 341 Occupational Attainment and Earnings of Men and Women 349 The Economics of Fringe Benefits 374 IN THE NEWS Why More Women Managers Are Putting Their Careers on Hold 356 Empirical Evidence Occupational Segregation and Male/Female Empirical Evidence Monopsony in Baseball 255 Application Interrupted Work Careers and Women's Earnings 326 Appendix 7A Estimating a Human Capital Earnings Function 334 Earnings Differentials 357 Policy Appication IN THE NEVS Appendix 8A Covernment Regulation of Occupational Safety . Health Conditions 362 Elexible Benefit Plans Grow in Popularity among Bet Workers and Employers 382 The Hedonic Theory of Compensating Wage Differentials Discrimination in the Labor Market 395 The Pattern of Earnings Differentials by Race and Sex 395 Theories of Market Discrimination 397 Discrimination and Life Cycle Earnings 410 The Measurement of Discrimination 419 390 The Economic Progress of Blacks and Women 424 Government Programs to Combat Discrimination Summary 437 Policy Applica tion IN THE NEWS IN THE NEWS Black Professionals Face Many Hurdles on the Way to the Top 416 Empirical Evidence Blacks and Women: Who Has Gained and How Much? 424 Comparable Worth 432 Companies Quietly Begin to Implement Comparable Worth 434 Unions and Collective Bargaining: The Institutional Framewvork 443 The Pattern of Union Membership 443 The Origins of Labor Unions 445 Summary 499 The Determinants of Union Membership: A Demand and Supply Model 454 Union Growth 471 The Organizational Structure of Labor Unions 481 Empirical Evidence The Legal Framework of Collective Bargaining 484 The Structure of Bargaining 493 IN THE NEWS Two Different Worlds of Labor Relaticons 450 IN THE NEWS Life on the Meatpacking Line 458 The Cross-Sectional Distribution of Union Membership 465 IN THE NEWS Corporations Use Capital Spending Strategy to Shed Their Unions 478 Policy Application The Labor Law Reform Act of 1977 490 Appendix 9A The Measurement of Discrimination 44 The Process of Union-Management Bargaining 505 The Bargaining Process: Key Features Union Bargaining Goals Bargaining Power 517 A Model of the Bargaining Process Wage Determination The Occurrence of Strikes Alternative Methods of Dispute Resolution Summary 545 Application Union Wage Concessions IN THE NEWS Empirical Evidence IN THE NEWS Empirical Evidence Explaining the Pattern of Strike Activity 535 IN THE NEWS Factors behind the Drop in Strikes in the 1980s 540 Firms Discover a Hidden Cost to Union Concessions 518 The Economic Impact of Unions Do Unions Raise Wages? 559 Measuring the Union-Nonunion Wage Differential Other Dimensions of the Union Wage Effect 570 The Union Effect on Nonwage Outcomes Summary 588 Unemployment 597 Application Two-Tier Wage Systems 580 Policy Applica tion The Davis-Bacon Act 581 The Pattern of Unemployment 597 Wages Types of Unemployment 603 Estimates of the Union Wage Effect 564 Appendix 12A Estimating Union-Nonunion Wage Differentials 593 Plant-Level Bargaining on Work Rules Undercuts Union Power 588 Why Worry about the Unemployment Rate? 598 The Measurement of Unemployment 600 Causes of Unemployment: Job Search, Rigid Wages, and Efficiency The Composition of Unemployment 619 Why the Increase in the Unemployment Rate? 629 Summary 640 Appendix 11A A Comparison of Monopoly, Efficient Contract, and Median Voter Models ofUnion Wage Determination IN THE NEWS New Worries over Structural Unemploy yrnent 608 Empirical Evidence Policy Application Government Employment and Training Progrars 67 The Turnover View IN THE NEWS Why Few Ghetto Factories Are Able to Survive Poverty and the Distribution of Incomne The Pattern of Poverty and Income Inequality 645 The Measurement and Extent of Poverty 646 A Profile of the Poor 649 Explanations for Poverty 651 The Distribution of Income 663 Empirical Evidence Policy Application IN THE NEWS versus the Lack of Jobs The Measurement and Extent of Income Inequality 664 Determinants of lncome Inequality Summary 674 The Causes of Poverty 652 The Labor Market and Inflation 679 The Origins of Inflation 681 Wages and Inflation 684 Welfare Programs: Cause or Cure of Poverty 657 What It Takes to Be Considered Rich, and How Yo Get That Way 670 The Pattern of Wage and Price Change 679 Application The Middle Class--Is It an Endarngered Species? 670 The Inflation/Unemployment Trade-Off 701 View What Happened to the Inflation/Unemployment Trade-0ff? 707 Summary 716 Productivity 702 Empirical Evidence Trends in Unit Labor Cost and Inflation 686 Application The Slowdown of Real Wage Growth 697 IN THE NEWS Why Real Wages Aren't Keeping up with Policy Application Improving the Inflation/Unemployment Trade-Of through Profit Sharing 712

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INTRODUCTION The managerial world Historical perspectives You as a manager Communicating Planning and the management process Planning techniques The planning environment Decision making The working Unit Influence, power, and authority The informal orgnanisation Organisational communication Staffing Human resource management Building commitment and motivation Styles of Leadership Managing organizational conflict Controlling financial controls Production and general control Control and organizational behavior Manging organizational change Managerial stress Survival and advancement The productivity dilemme Managing for productivity

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The Domain, Key Issues, and Future Environment Managing the Constellation of IS Applications A Framework for the Development of Decision Support Systems Ralph H. Sprague, Jr. The Management Information and Decision Support (MIDS) System at Lockheed-Georgia George Houdeshel and Hugh J. Watson . Expert Systems: The Next Challenge for Managers Fred L. Luconi, Thomas W. Malone, and Michael Scott Morton MANAGING IS TECHNOLOGY Managing the Emerging Information Systems Technologies: The Case of Group Technologies Paul Gray Business Innovation Through Telecommunications Peter G. W. Keen Managing the Data Resource: A Contingency Perspective Dale L. Goodhue, Judith A. Quillard, and John F. Rockart The Information Archipelago-Plotting a Course · Warren McFarlan, James L. McKenney, and Philip Pyburn MANAGING IS APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT Renovating the DP Applications Portfolio Richard L. Nolan and Gonzalo Verdugo Advances in Information System Design Benn R. Improving Software Productivity Barry W. Boehm Structured Systems Planning Jim Highsmith Managing Systems Development Projects Stephen P. Software Maintenance: Thriving on Respect Wilma The Information Technology Champion: Aiding and Abetting, Care and Feeding Cynthia Mathis Beath and Blake Ives MANAGING THE IS FUNCTION Strategic Planning for Management Information Systems William R. King New Directions in Information Systems . Management Ralph H. Sprague, Jr. An Assessment of Critical Success Factors Andrew C. Boynton and Robert W. Zmud Disaster Recovery: Who's Worried? David Stamps Jesse James at the Terminal William Atkins Managing Your IS Pros Frederic G. Withington Make Information Services Pay Its Way Brandt Allen Measuring Information Systems Performance: Experience with the Management By Results System at Security Pacific · Bank John P. Singleton, Ephraim R. McLean, and Edward N. Altman Managing IS Relationships within le Firm The Coming of the New Organization Peter F. Drucker Information Technology: A New Competitive Weapon Gregory L. Parsons Information Systems for Competitive Advantage: Implementation of a Planning Process Nick Rackoff, Charles Wiseman, and Walter A. Ullrich End-User Computing: Are You a Leader or a Laggard? Thomas P. Gerrity and John F. Rockart 0 Defining a Corporate Information Policy Robert E. Umbaugh The Emerging Role of the Chief Information Officer. P. Declan O'Riordan Information Technology and Organizational Advantage: The Next Agenda for Research Peter G. W. Keen elected Bibliography

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Comportement organisationnel : définition, contexte et histoire Gérer le comportement organisationnel Les personnes : la clé du succès managérial et organisationnel, 7 personnes et Le directeur Réussite managériale. Réussite des personnes et de l'organisation. Emploi : Faire accomplir des tâches par l’intermédiaire d’autrui, 9 rôles de gestion. Motivation Gérer. Le domaine du comportement organisationnel : passé et présent, 13 L'ère préscientifique. L'ère classique. L'ère comportementale. L'ère moderne. Apprendre le comportement organisationnel à travers la théorie, la recherche et la pratique. Apprendre de la théorie. Apprendre de la recherche. Apprendre de la pratique. tice. Un modèle thématique pour comprendre et gérer l'OB, 23 concepts clés, 25 termes clés, 26 questions de discussion, 26 exercices Annexe Méthodes de recherche en comportement organisationnel, 29 Dynamiques de la vie organisationnelle Comprendre et gérer le comportement individuel Mégatendances : un aperçu général des choses à venir, 41 Cinq mégatendances Repenser la vie organisationnelle. Implications pour le comportement organisationnel, le travail et le sens. Travail, 45 Travail : Regard extérieur. Travail : Plus qu'un courant de revenus. Implications pour le comportement organisationnel. L'éthique du travail est-elle morte ? 49 Quelques En- Encourager les preuves. Éthique du travail étouffée. Implications pour le comportement organisationnel. Le Dy- Analyse de la satisfaction au travail et dans la vie, 52 Relation réciproque. Implicite- tions pour OB. Le lieu de travail en mutation, 56 Travailler dans la nouvelle économie. Travailler dans une économie de services. Implications pour le comportement organisationnel. Données démographiques de la Nouvelle main-d'œuvre : 61 femmes de plus sur le marché du travail. Différences individuelles et valeurs Erreurs éducatives Résumé des points clés Exercice 2, Valeurs personnelles, 77 valeurs sont des croyances durables. Conflits de valeurs. Re- Recherche sur les différences de valeurs entre hommes et femmes. Attitudes et comportements, 81 Correspondances. Une main-d'œuvre plus âgée. Implications pour l'obstétrique. Concepts, 67 mots clés, 68 questions de discussion, 68 Évaluation des performances, rétroaction et récompenses Évaluation du rendement : définition et composantes, 213 composantes de l’évaluation du rendement Processus d'évaluation du rendement. Recherches récentes sur l'évaluation du rendement Résultats. Techniques alternatives d'évaluation du rendement, 220 Fixation d'objectifs Gestion par objectifs, essais écrits. Incidents critiques. Graphiques. Échelles d'évaluation. Listes de contrôle pondérées. Classements. Ancrage comportemental Échelles d'évaluation. Distribution forcée. Choix forcé. Comparaisons par paires. Conclusion. Commentaires. 227 Les commentaires sont un mécanisme de contrôle Modèle conceptuel du processus de rétroaction. Leçons pratiques tirées de la rétroaction Recherche. Systèmes de récompense organisationnels, 235 types de récompenses. Organi Normes nationales de récompense. Critères de distribution des récompenses. Résultat souhaité. du système de récompenses. La controverse des récompenses contingentes, 239 Pour : Per- Les récompenses liées à la performance renforcent la motivation. Inconvénient : les récompenses liées à la performance. Les récompenses généreuses érodent la motivation intrinsèque. Implications pratiques. Résumé Concepts clés, 244 Termes clés, 245 Discussion Modification du comportement et autogestion et la gestion des processus de groupe Socialisation organisationnelle Principes de modification du comportement, 252 Contingences ABC. Contingence Conséquences. Programmes de renforcement. Façonnage du comportement. Un modèle Pour modifier le comportement au travail, étape 1 : identifier le comportement cible. 2 : Analyser fonctionnellement la situation. Étape 3 : Organiser les antécédents et les pro- Voir les conséquences. Étape 4 : Évaluer les résultats. B. Mod. en milieu de travail : Recherche et implications pratiques, 269 résultats de recherches récentes. Implications pratiques. Autogestion comportementale, 272 Autogestion comportementale Gestion et pratique du management. Les mécanismes de l'autorégulation. tion. Modèle d'apprentissage social de l'autogestion. Recherche et gestion Implications. Résumé des concepts clés, 279 termes clés, 280 discussion Facilitation sociale, 289 perspectives de recherche. Gestion du comportement organisationnel. Social Transactions. Fonctions de réseau social. ters. Recherches récentes sur les réseaux sociaux. Perspective des réseaux sociaux. Rôles et normes organisationnels, 295 Rôles. Normes. Perspectives de recherche pertinentes et implications managériales. Implications pour l'étude et Réseaux, 291 Réseaux sociaux Groupes prescrits et émergents La valeur pratique d'un 245 Exercice 7, 246 Questions, 280 Exercice 8, Le processus de socialisation organisationnelle, mode en trois phases (302) de la socialisation organisationnelle. Recherche sur la socialisation organisationnelle. Donc. tions. Techniques de finalisation, 307 Contrats psychologiques. Modélisation comportementale. Résumé des concepts clés, 315 Exercice 9, 317 316 Questions de discussion, 317 Annexe Gestion de carrière, 320 Questions de sion, 361 Exercice 10, 362 Emploi réaliste E Pré- Types de groupes, fonctions et développement, 335 Groupes formels et informels Groupes. Fonctions des groupes formels. Étapes du développement d'un groupe. Structure et composition, 340 rôles fonctionnels joués par les membres du groupe Processus. Développement de groupe : Recherche et implications pratiques. Capacités individuelles et efficacité du groupe. Travail d'équipe efficace grâce à Taille du groupe. Effets du travail en groupe entre hommes et femmes. Coopération, confiance et cohésion, 346 Coopération. Confiance. Cohésion- Menaces à l'efficacité des groupes, 355 L'effet Asch. Pensée de groupe Paresse sociale. Résumé des concepts clés, 360 termes clés, 361 Discussion Pouvoir, mentorat, politique et conflit Processus de communication organisationnelle Le pouvoir social, 370 dimensions du pouvoir. Perspectives de recherche récentes. Le pouvoir social. La gestion efficace et responsable du pouvoir, F Renforcement des compétences par le mentorat, 378 Mentorat : Définition, Fonctions. ami Phases. Données de recherche sur le mentorat. Tirer le meilleur parti du mentorat. toring. Politique organisationnelle, 383 Définition et domaine de la politique organisationnelle Politique. Tactiques politiques. Données de recherche sur la politique organisationnelle. Gérer la politique organisationnelle. Conflit, 391 Un continuum de conflit Conflit fonctionnel versus conflit dysfonctionnel. Antécédents du conflit. Alternatives : Styles positifs de gestion des conflits. Données probantes issues de la recherche sur les conflits. Sujets de conflit Gestion : une approche contingente. Résumé des concepts clés, 399 mots clés Termes, 399 Questions de discussion, 400 Exercice 11, 40 Dimensions fondamentales du processus de communication, 409 Un processus perceptif de la communication. Choisir les médias : une solution de repli Perspective du modèle Modèles de communication, 417 Communication hiérarchique. C Commut Distorsion cationique. Le bouche-à-oreille. Compétence en communication. Affirmation de soi, agressivité et absence d'affirmation de soi. Interaction implication. Communication non verbale et écoute active, 429 437 Termes clés, 438 Questions de discussion. 439 Exercice 12, 440 Communication non verbale. Écoute active. Résumé des concepts clés. Qu’implique le leadership ? 447 L’évolution du leadership moderne Théorie situationnelle. Théorie, 448 Théorie des traits, Théorie des styles comportementaux. Modèle de contingence de Fiedler, 457 Le style du leader : axé sur la tâche ou kela- Axé sur la relation. Contrôle situationnel. Lien entre style de leadership et situation. Contrôle national. Implications pour la recherche et la gestion. Adéquation du leader Entraînement- Modèles de leadership axés sur le cheminement, les objectifs et la prise de décision, 463 Chemin- Théorie des objectifs. Modèle de prise de décision de Vroom et Yetton. Ex- émergent Conceptions du leadership, 470 Modèle de construction des rôles de Graen (VDL) Leadership. Substituts du leadership : un modèle attributionnel. Diriger versus Gestion, 475 Différences fondamentales. La différence est-elle importante ? ter ? Résumé des concepts clés, 477 des concepts clés, 477 termes clés, 478 questions de discussion, 478 Exercice 13, 479 Prise de décision et créativité Types de décisions managériales, 485 Décisions programmées. Non-pro- grammedDecisions. Prise de décision : la perspective classique de résolution de problèmes. tive, 487 Identifier le problème. Générer des solutions. Générer des solutions. Sélectionner une solution. tion. Mise en œuvre et évaluation de la solution. Résultats de recherches récentes. Prise de décision : perspectives contemporaines, 493 Le modèle de la poubelle. Des études de cas permettent d'identifier de nouveaux processus décisionnels. Dynamique de la décision Création, 499 Sélection de solutions : une perspective contingente. Indi- Prise de décision individuelle versus prise de décision en groupe. Leçons pratiques tirées de la recherche. Créativité, 508 Définition de la créativité. Caractéristiques des personnes créatives. Techniques de créativité. Gestion des employés créatifs. Résumé des points clés Concepts, 514 Termes clés, 515 Questions de discussion, 515 Exercice 14, Innovations en matière de conception des emplois et de qualité de vie au travail Approches historiques, 525 Gestion scientifique. Élargissement des tâches. Emploi Rotation. Enrichissement des tâches. Une approche de la conception des emplois basée sur les caractéristiques des postes. 530 Aperçu du modèle des caractéristiques de l'emploi. Application du modèle des caractéristiques de l'emploi Modèle tertiaire. Résumé des résultats de recherche. Implications managériales. Approches systémiques sociales de la conception des emplois, 537 Le modèle sociotechnique. Le modèle de traitement social de l'information. Gestion participative, 542 Un modèle de gestion participative. Recherche et suggestions pratiques Pour les gestionnaires. Participation via les cercles de qualité. Qualité de vie au travail Innovations, 548 projets de coopératives patronales-syndicales. Alternative Horaires de travail. Améliorations de l'environnement physique. Partage des gains. Télétravail. Trajets domicile-travail. Résumé des concepts clés, 554 Termes clés, 556 Discussion Questions, 556 Exercice 15, 557 Fiole de Manglng Siress Une ovation du MN 2e de Sie Imytant Stesxos Fin de la gestion de l'organisation en évolution Cognitive Aeswwre et Sires-Redcion Résumé des concepts clés de Mxel Éléments clés, S91 Discussion Questions, s02 Exercice l6, s0) Organisations : efficacité et conception des cycles de vie ardne, Définition et cartographie des organisations, 602 Qu'est-ce qu'une organisation ? O Diagrammes de rangisation. L'évolution des métaphores organisationnelles, 605 Clan par opposition aux systèmes ouverts. Organisations comme le Bureau militaire/mécanique Les organisations comme systèmes biologiques. Les organisations comme systèmes cognitifs. Systèmes. Métaphores organisationnelles en perspective, Vie organisationnelle C) 611 Étapes du cycle de vie organisationnel, Quatre Génériques Critères d'efficacité organisationnelle. Critères d’efficacité multiples : certains Lignes directrices pratiques. L'approche contingente de la conception organisationnelle. 618 Évaluation de l'incertitude environnementale. Différenciation et intégration Le séjour Lawrence et Lorsch. Organisations mécanistes versus organisations organiques Trois variables de contingence importantes : la technologie, la taille et la portée Choix, 625 L'impact de la technologie sur la structure. Structure organisationnelle et performance. Choix stratégique et structure organisationnelle Configurations organisationnelles interactives : Typologie de Mintzberg, 628 Sin Structure. Bureaucratie mécaniste. Bureaucratie professionnelle. Division Forme adhocratique. Résumé des concepts clés, 634 mots clés Questions de discussion 635, Exercice 17 635, 636 Cultures organisationnelles : changement et développement Comprendre les cultures organisationnelles, 644 Qu'est-ce que la culture organisationnelle ? Manifestations de la culture organisationnelle. Quatre fonctions de l'organisation Culture. Recherche sur les cultures organisationnelles. Développement de l'organisation Modèle théorique pour le développement de la culture d'une organisation. Concepts de base Cultures, 653 La culture organisationnelle comme avantage concurrentiel. Une pratique Changement organisationnel, 656 types de changement. Un modèle de planification Changement. Tactiques de mise en œuvre : Perspectives de la recherche. Compréhension

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Organisation and peole as dynamic being Managing as a changing role INDUVIDUAL IN ORGANIZATIONS :Perception and learning as a dynamic processes Attitudes ,and personality Foundations of motivation, An integrative approch to motivation INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS IN ORGANISATIONS :Leadership in Organizations An Integrative approch to leadership, Power and politics in organizational behavior Communications in organizations WORK TEAMS IN ORGANIZATIONS :Groups of people at work Group structure and process,Managing intergroup conflict and cordination ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS : organizational Goal and effectiveness Organizational Design, organizational change and development, A note to the student.

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Organisation and peole as dynamic being Managing as a changing role INDUVIDUAL IN ORGANIZATIONS :Perception and learning as a dynamic processes Attitudes ,and personality Foundations of motivation, An integrative approch to motivation INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS IN ORGANISATIONS :Leadership in Organizations An Integrative approch to leadership, Power and politics in organizational behavior Communications in organizations WORK TEAMS IN ORGANIZATIONS :Groups of people at work Group structure and process,Managing intergroup conflict and cordination ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS : organizational Goal and effectiveness Organizational Design, organizational change and development, A note to the student.