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COMPUTER-AIDED PROBLEMS TO ACCOMPANY BASIC MARKETING
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ACCOUNTING WORK SHEETS FOR USE WITH ACCOUNTING: THE BASIS FOR BUSINESS DECISIONS, 8th ed.
Hill,McGraw ,
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Is a student guide to assist you in mastering the concepts and calculations in the text. The Study Guide contains an outline and sample questions and exercises for each text chapter with all answers included. Check with your bookstore.
GESTION DE COMPTABILITE: Methodes classiques et modernes de l'analyse des coûts, 7ème Ed
GRANDGOUILLOT , Francis
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Présentation Liste des abréviations utilisées Chapitre 1 • Présentation de la comptabilité de gestion 1-Généralités 2- Les coûts A. Définition B. Caractéristiques 3- Le choix des coûts 4- La présentation de la comptabilité de gestion 5- L'informatisation de la comptabilité de gestion Partie 1 Les éléments de base Chapitre 2 • L'inventaire permanent des stocks 1- La na ture des stocks 2- L'inventaire permanent 3-L'évaluation des stocks A. Généralités COMPTABILITE DE GESTION B. La valorisation des sorties et des stocks 4lableau comnparatif des différentes méthodes e Le traitement des charges : les charges incorporées aux coûts 1- Principe 2-Les charges de la comptabilité générale Chapitre 4 A. Les charges incorporables et non incorporables B. Le retraitement des charges incorporables 1) Les charges de substitution 2) L'abonnement des charges 3- Les charges supplétives 4- Schéma récapitulatif 5- La méthode de détermination des charges incorporées Les coûts complets • Le traitement des charges : les charges directes et indirectes Partie 2 1- Le traitement ades charges d'après la méthode des coûts complets 2- Les charges directes et indirectes A. Les charges directes B. Les charges indirectes 3- Le principe de répartition des charges indirectes d'après la méthode des centres d'analyse A. Les centres d'analyse 1) Principe B. La répartition des charges indirectes 2) La cession interne des centres auxiliaires C. L'imputation des charges indirectes 1) Le calcul du coût de l'unité d'euvre et du taux de frais 2) La détermination du coût indirect à imputer aux coûts D. Schéma récapitulatif 4-La méthode de calcul dans les centres d'analyse Chapitre 5 Synthèse corrigée sur la méthode de traitement des charges indirectes 9 Chapitre 6 • Les coûts d'achat 1-Présentation 2-La nature des achats 3-La composition du coùt d'achat Chapitre7• Les coûts de production 1-Presentation Les en-cours 2-La composition du coût de production 3-Les en-cours de production Chapitre 8 • Les produits dérivés 1-Generalites 2- Les produits résiduels 3- Les sous-produits A. La méthode du coût forfaitaire à partir du prix de vente B. La méthode de calcul du coût à partir des charges réelles 4- Synthèse corrigée A. noncé B. Corrigé Chapitre 9 • Les coûts hors production 1- Présentation Sommaire 2- Le coût de distribution 3-Les autres coûts hors production Chapitre,10 Les coûts de revient et les résultats analytiques 1-Les cOûts de revient A. Présentation B. Composition 2- Les résultats analytiques Chapitre 11 La concordance entre le résultat analytique 1- Principe et le résultat comptable 2- La méthode de rapprochement Chapitre 12 Les emballages La production immobilisée Les cessions internes 1-Les emballages A. Définition B. Les emballages perdus C. Les emballages récupérables non identifiables 2-La production immobilisée 3-Les cessions internes A. Définition B. Les prix de cession interne Chapitre 13 • La méthodo logie du calcul des coûts complets 1-La hiérarchie des coûts complets A. L'entreprise commerciale B. L'entreprise industrielle 2-Le schéma de l'enchaînement des coûts complets Chapitre 14 • Synthèse corrigée sur les coûts complets Chapitre 15 1- Généralités Les coûts à base d'activités 2- La méthode de calcul A. Principe B. Le traitement des charges indirectes C. Schéma récapitulatif Chapitre 16 La variabilité des charges 1-Le comportement des charges A. Les charges variables B. Les charges fixes C. Les charges semi-variables D. La mesure de l'activité 2- L'étude statistique du comportement des charges A. La méthode graphique B. La méthode des points extrêmes C. La méthode des moindres carrés 3-L'incidence du niveau d'activité sur les coûts A. Le coût complet global et unitaire B. Les prévisions Chapitre 17 1- Principe C. Les variations d'activité et les conséquences sur les coûts L'imputation rationnelle des charges fixes
THE SERVICE ANDVANTAGE HOW TO IDENTIFY AND FULFILL CUSTOMER NEEDS
Albrecht , Karl
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1 Know your customer 2 moment of truth 3 anatomy of the Service customer of the 1990s 4 the Customers report card: blueprint for excellence 5 Customer perception research: putting on your customers glasses 6 start with the obvious 7 the face to face advantage 8 Surveys: when, why, and how 9 Create your customer report card 10 building a service quality measurement system 11 closing the loop
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE: The Markets and Financial Management of Multinational Business
Levi , Maurice D.
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PREFACE 1 The Importance, Rewards, and Risks of International Finance 1 1 1 THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCE The Scope of International Finance 2 2 2 4 4 Benefits of Studying International Finance GROWING IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCE International Trade versus Domestic Trade The Rewards of International Trade The Risks of International Trade 6 Increased Globalization of Financial and Real-Asset Markets 7 Rewards of Globalization of Investment and International Flows of Capital 9 Costs of Globalization of Investment 10 12 Increased Volatility of Exchange Rates TOPICS COVERED IN THIS BOOK 16 SUMMARY BIBLIOGRAPHY 16 17 21 APPENDIX 1.1: THE GAINS FROM TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES APPENDIX 1.2: THE GAINS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL FLOW OF CAPITAL PART 1 25 RT 1 INTRODUCING THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKETS 27 Cash and Spot Exchange Markets 2 27 THE FOREIGN BANK NOTE MARKET ix CONTENTS 29 THE SPOT FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET 30 Organization of the Interbank Market 31 33 35 88;8866 36 Delivery Dates and Procedures for Spot Exchange Bank Settlement via Correspondent Accounts Bank Settlement via CHIPS 37 Market Clearing and Exchange Brokers 37 Retail versus Interbank Spot Rates Conventions for Spot Exchange Quotations DIRECT VERSUS INDIRECT EXCHANGE AND CROSS EXCHANGE 40 RATES 40 Indirect Exchange and the Practice of Quoting against the Dollar 41 Zero Foreign Exchange Transaction Costs 44 44 Nonzero Foreign Exchange Transaction Costs Defining the Costs of Transacting 48 48 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY SUMMARY QUESTIONS 50 Forward, Futures, and Option Markets 3 50 FORWARD EXCHANGE 50 51 53 54 What Is Forward Foreign Exchange? Forward Exchange Premiums and Discounts Varieties of Forward Exchange Contracts Conventions in Quoting Forward Exchange 58 59 Why Forward Spreads Widen with Increased Maturity CURRENCY FUTURES 59 What Is a Currency Future? 63 63 The Link between the Futures and Forward Markets CURRENCY OPTIONS 63 What Is a Currency Option? 64 67 Characteristics of Currency Option Contracts Quotation Conventions and Market Organization 68 Determinants of the Market Values of Currency Options Intrinsic Value 68 68 Volatility of the Spot or Futures Exchange Rate 69 Length of Period to Expiration 69 American or European Option Type 69 Interest Rate on Currency of Purchase 69 70 The Forward Premium / Discount or Interest Differential Other Types of Options 72 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FORWARDS, FUTURES, AND OPTIONS: A SUMMARY SUMMARY 72 73 QUESTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY 74 75 PART 2 THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND EXCHANGE-RATE DETERMINATION 77 The Balance of International Payments 4 77 The Balance of Payments as a Record of Supply and Demand 78 78 PRINCIPLES OF BALANCE-OF-PAYMENTS ACCOUNTING Determining Credit and Debit Entries 80 Balance-of-Payments Entries and the Factors That Influence Them 80 Exports of Goods and Sevices 82 U.S. Imports of Goods and Services 83 Unilateral Transfers 84 U.S. Assets Abroad (Net) 87 Foreign Assets in the U.S. (Net) 89 89 Allocation of Special Drawing Rights (SDRS) Statistical Discrepancy 90 IMPLICATIONS OF THE BALANCE-OF-PAYMENTS ACCOUNTING IDENTITY 90 91 Interpreting the Accounts with Fixed and Flexible Rates Flexible Rates 91 Fixed Rates 92 Long-Run versus Short-Run Implications of Payments Imbalances 92 Flexible Rates 92 Fixed Rates 93 94 95 The Firm versus the Economy: An Analogy THE NET INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT POSITION OBJECTIVES OF ECONOMIC POLICY 97 SUMMARY 98 QUESTIONS 99 BIBLIOGRAPHY 101 The Determination of Exchange Rates 5 102 102 Deriving a Currency's Supply Curve IMPORTS, EXPORTS, AND EXCHANGE RATES 104 Deriving a Currency's Demand Curve 105 THE EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE 106 108 OTHER INFLUENCES ON A CURRENCY'S SUPPLY AND DEMAND THE STABILITY OF EXCHANGE RATES 111 112 Unstable Exchange Rates and the Balance of Trade Short-Run versus Long-Run Trade Elasticities and the J Curve 114 117 IMPLICATIONS OF INSTABILITY FOR THE EFFECTS OF SHIFTS IN CURVES SUMMARY CONTENTS xÍi 118 118 BIBLIOGRAPHY QUESTIONS 118 APPENDIX 5.1: THE CONDITION FOR STABILITY IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKETS PART 3 INTERNATIONAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE LAW 121 OF ONE PRICE 123 The Purchasing-Power Parity Principle 6 123 The Law of One Price 125 Absolute Form of the PPP Condition 126 The Relative Form of PPP 128 129 133 An Alternative Derivation of PPP The Empirical Evidence on PPP Reasons for Departures from PPP 133 133 135 Restrictions on Movement of Goods Price Indexes and Nontraded Outputs Statistical Problems of Evaluating PPP 136 SUMMARY 136 QUESTIONS 136 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX 6.1: PPP AND THE PRINCIPLES OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND 137 145 Interest Parity 7 146 146 150 THE INVESTMENT AND BORROWING CRITERIA Determining the Currency of Investment An Example 151 151 152 Determining the Country from Which to Borrow Borrowing and Investing for Arbitrage Profit THE INTEREST PARITY CONDITION 153 157 Interest Parity: A Graphical Presentation COMBINING PPP AND INTEREST PARITY 157 158 The Uncovered-Interest-Parity Condition The Expectations Form of PPP 159 The Interelationship of the Parity Conditions 161 SUMMARY 162 163 QUESTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY 164 8 Why Covered lnterest Diferences Persist 164 TRANSACTION COSTS AND INTEREST PARITY 165 Investment, Borrowing, and Arbitrage Criteria, Including Transaction Costs , 166 166 16/ 168 176 177 Invest Griterkon wth Transaotton OORts Bmwg Ctehi with Tiansavthon Costs Arbitrage CttehI wilh Tranmaotlon Ouels Intereat iaparity and Transaotlo POLITIC:AL RISK8 AND INTERE S PAHITY TAXES AND INTEHE 8T PARITY Costs 177 17B 160 Whhokiwng Taxes Capital Gains versus Income Taxes LIQUIDITY DIFFERENCES AND INTEREST PARITY 161 Eteot of the Reasons for Interest Disparity on Investment and Borrowing Decisions 182 182 183 BIBLIOGRAPHY SUMMARY QUESTIONS 185 PART 4 FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK AND EXPOSURE AND THEIR MANAGEMENT 187 Foreign Exchange Risk and Exposure 187 9 187 THE NATURE OF EXCHANGE-RATE RISK AND EXPOSURE Definition of Foreign Exchange Exposure 188 191 Exposure as a Regression Slope 192 Estimating Exposure 193 Exposure When Local Currency Values Vary with Unanticipated Changes in Exchange Rates Units of Measurement of Exposure 195 Exposure against Numerous Exchange Rates Exposure on "Domestic'" Assets, Liabilities, and Operating 195 196 Incomes Estimation Difficulties 197 Definition of Foreign Exchange Risk 198 198 EXPOSURE, RISK, AND THE PARITY RELATIONSHIPS Exposure, Risk, and Interest Parity 200 200 Exposure, Risk, and Purchasing-Power Parity PPP and Real-Asset Exposure 202 PPP and Operating Exposure 206 U.S. INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES 207 REAL CHANGES IN EXCHANGE RATES 207 208 Definition of the Real Change in Exchange Rates Financial Assets and Liabilities and Real Changes in Exchange Rates 209 212 214 Financial Assets and Liabilities and Financial Statements Real Assets and Real Changes in Exchange Rates Real Assets and Financial Statements CONTENTS xlv 216 The Relevance of Translation Exposure 217 218 QUESTIONS SUMMARY 219 BIBLIOGRAPHY 220 APPENDIX 9.1: THE STATISTICAL MEASUREMENT OF EXCHANGE-RATE RISK AND EXPOSURE 222 APPENDIX 9.2: EXCHANGE-RATE RISK VERSUS EXPOSURE: A GEOMETRICAL EXPOSITION 225 How to Hedge and Speculate 10 225 HEDGING 225 Whether to Hedge: Managerial Hedging versus Shareholder Hedging 227 The Source of Risk and Exposure for Importers and Exporters 227 Hedging via the Forward Market 228 The Cost of Forward Hedging 229 Risk Premiums on Forward Contracts 230 Transaction Costs in Forward versus Spot Exchange Markets 231 The Benefit of Forward Hedging 232 Hedging via the Futures Market 233 Hedging via the Option Market 235 Hedging via Borrowing and Lending: Swaps 237 Hedging via Currency of Invoicing 238 Hedging via Mixed-Currency Invoicing 239 Hedging via Selection of Supplying Country: Sourcing 239 Payoff Profiles of Different Hedging Techniques Forward Profile 239 240 Futures Profile Option Profiles 242 SPECULATION 244 245 Speculating via the Forward Market 245 246 246 247 Speculating without Transaction Costs Speculating with Transaction Costs Speculating via the Futures Market Speculating via the Option Market 248 Speculating via Borrowing and Lending: Swaps 249 Speculating via Not Hedging Trade 250 Speculating on Exchange-Rate Volatility SUMMARY 250 251 QUESTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY 253 CONTENTS 255 SHORT-TERM FINANCIAL MARKETS AND MANAGEMENT PART 5 257 Eurodollars, Eurocurrencies, and Multinational Banking 258 11 258 THE EURODOLLAR AND EUROCURRENCY MARKETS What Are Eurodollars and Eurocurrencies? 258 263 The Differences between Eurocurrency Yields Why Did Eurodollar Deposits Develop? 263 265 266 266 The Supply of Eurodollar Deposits The Demand for Eurodollar Loans The Role of Narrow Spreads The Role of U.S. Deficits 267 268 Determination of Eurocurrency Interest Rates Different Types of Eurocurrency Instruments 270 Redepositing and Multiple Eurocurrency Expansion 273 INTERNATIONAL BANKING 273 Organizational Features of International Banking 273 273 Correspondent Banking 274 Resident Representatives 275 Bank Agencies Foreign Branches 276 276 Foreign Subsidiaries and Affiliates Consortium Banks 276 Edge Act and Agreement Corporations 277 U.S. International Banking Facilities (|BFs) 278 279 Why Banking Has Become Multinational Market Information 279 279 Borrower Information Serving Clients 280 Custodial Services 280 Avoiding Regulations 281 The Problems of Multinational Banking 283 SUMMARY 283 284 QUESTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY 286 Cash Management and Market Efficiency 12 287 287 Advantages of Centralized Cash Management INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS OF CASH MANAGEMENT 287 Netting 288 Currency Diversification 290 Pooling 290 290 Security Availability and Efficiency of Collections Disadvantages of Centralized Cash Management CONTENTS xvi Transaction Costs, Political Risk, Liquidity Preference Taxes, and Cash Management 291 Examples of Cash Management Systems 292 Navistar International 292 295 Digital Equpment 297 MARKET EFFICIENCY Efficiency of the Money Markets 298 Efficiency of Foreign Exchange Markets 298 303 SUMMARY 303 QUESTIONS 304 APPENDIX 12.1: THE POOLING GAIN FROM CENTRALIZED CASH MANAGEMENT BIBLIOGRAPHY 304 PART 6 LONGER-TERM FINANCIAL MARKETS 307 AND MANAGEMENT Portfolio Investment 13 309 EQUITY INVESTMENTS 309 Comparing Investments 309 311 Comparing Equity Investments After Taxes 313 320 The Benefits of International Portfolio Diversification International Capital Asset Pricing BOND INVESTMENTS 326 326 Domestic versus Foreign Bond Returns 328 Risk Considerations with Bond Investment SUMMARY 329 330 QUESTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY 330 332 14 International Aspects of Long-Term Financing EQUITY FINANCING 332 332 334 The Country in Which Shares Should Be lssued The Vehicle of Share lsSue BOND FINANCING 335 Foreign Bonds versus Eurobonds 336 Selecting the Currency of Issue 336 342 Borrowing with Foreign-Source Income 342 345 Currency Speculation and Tax Considerations Other Bond-Financing Considerations Issue Cost 345 Issue Size 345 Multicurrency Bonds 345 Types of Multicurrency Bonds 345 346 347 The Rationale for Multicurrency Bonds The Vehicle of Bond Issue 347 349 BANK FINANCING, DIRECT LOANS, AND THE LIKE Parallel Loans 349 350 Credit Swaps 351 352 GOVERNMENT AND DEVELOPMENT-BANK LENDING oTHER FACTORS AFFECTING THE FINANCING OF SUBSIDIARIES FINANCIAL STRUCTURE 352 353 Subsidiary or Parent Determination of Financial Structure Capital Structure in Different Countries 355 357 SUMMARY 357 BIBLIOGRAPHY QUESTIONS 359 PART 7 EVALUATION AND EXPLANATION OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 361 15 Capital Budgeting for Foreign Direct Investment 362 363 363 DIFFICULTIES IN EVALUATING FOREIGN PROJECTS FACTORS AFFECTING INVESTORS' CASH FLOWS Blocked Funds 363 363 Effects on the Sales of Other Divisions Remittance Restrictions 364 Different Levels of Taxation 365 Concessionary Loans 365 THE ADJUSTED-PRESENT-VALUE TECHNIQUE 369 SELECTING THE APPROPRIATE DISCOUNT RATES 371 Using Real Interest Rates and Today's (Real) Cash Flows and Exchange Rates 373 Discount Rates for Different Items 374 AN EXAMPLE 380 ACTUAL PRACTICE OF CAPITAL BUDGETING 381 SUMMARY 382 QUESTIONS 383 BIBLIOGRAPHY 383 APPENDIX 15.1: A SURVEY OF INTERNATIONAL TAXATION 383 THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF TAXES 383 Corporate Taxes 385 Value-Added Tax (VAT) 385 Import Duties 386 Withholding Taxes 386 Branch versus Subsidiary Taxes 386 386 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES FOR REDUCING TAXES The Foreign-Sales Corporation (FSC) APPENWN UNTAY HINK AND DB0ON1 HATEN 391 The Growth and @peolal Probleme of Muitlnatlonal Corporations 16 391 392 THE QAOWTH OF MULTINATIONAL COHPONATIONS Reaaona for the Growtlı of MNU'# 392 392 392 393 Avallability of Raw Materlala Notanateral:le howledge Inteyr ating Operationa Protevting Reutatlons 393 393 Exploting Repnitatlona Protecting Seciecy 393 The Product Lite-Cyole Hypothesls 394 Capital Avallability and Organlzational Factors 394 Avolding Tariffs and Quolas 395 Avoldlng Regulations Productlon Flexiblity 395 396 Symblotic Relatlonships 396 Indirect Diversitlcatlon 396 Empirical Evidence on the Growth of MNCs 397 SPECIAL PROBLEMS FACING MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS: TRANSFER PRICING 397 The Measurement of Transfer Prices 398 Strategic Considerations in Transfer Pricing 400 Practical Considerations in Transfer Pricing 401 SPECIAL PROBLEMS FACING MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS: COUNTRY RISK 401 The Measurement of Country Risk 405 The Measurement of Political Risk 405 Methods of Reducing Political Risk Keeping Control of Crucial Elements of Corporate Operations 405 406 406 Programmed Stages of Planned Divestmnent Joint Ventures Local Debt 407 407 The Purchase of Investment Insurance 408 Problems and Benefits from the Growth of MNCs SUMMARY 411 412 QUESTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY 412 OONTENTS PART 8 FINANCIAL DIMENSIONs OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE 415 417 The Instruments, Institutions, and Organization of International Trade 17 417 417 422 422 EXTRA DIMENSIONS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVOLVING LETTERS OF CREDIT: AN OVERVIEW OF A TYPICAL TRANSACTION ALTERNATIVE PAYMENT AND GUARANTEEING PROCEDURES Open-Account and Consignment Sales 423 423 Cash in Advance and Confirmed Credits Export Insurance 424 The Rationale for Government-Provided Credit Insurance: An Aside 425 THE FINANCING OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE 425 426 426 Short-Term Financing: Banker's Acceptances Forfaiting: A Form of Medium-Term Finance Forfaiting Explained 429 The History of Forfaiting 429 Financing by Government Export Agencies COUNTERTRADE 430 430 The Various Forms of Countertrade Barter 430 431 431 431 Counterpurchase Industrial Offset Buyback 432 Switch Trading 433 Reasons Why Countertrade Occurs 433 434 435 THE INSTITUTIONS REGULATING INTERNATIONAL TRADE The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Free-Trade Areas SUMMARY 436 QUESTIONS 437 BIBLIOGRAPHY 437 438 APPENDIX 17.1: INTERNATIONAL OCOMMERCIAL AND FINANCIAL ABBREVIATIONS 440 18 Operating Exposure THE EXPORTER 441 441 444 448 452 455 Competitive Markets in the Short Run Long-Run Effects: mported lnputs The Case of Impefect Competition Analysis in Foreign Currency Units THE IMPORTER 455 Analysis in Home Currency Units 457 Analysis in Foreign Currenay Units 458 Imported Inputs 459 SUMMARY OF EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATES ON EXPORTERS AND IMPORTERS 460 461 EFFECT OF CURRENCY OF INVOICING AND FORWARD HEDGING The Exporter with Exposed Inputs 461 Dollar Aocounting 462 Pound Accounting 463 The Exporter with Receivables Exposure 464 The Importer 464 464 A Reminder: Importance of Lags An Example 465 465 Effect of Transaction Exposure Effect of Operating Exposure 466 467 QUESTIONS SUMMARY 468 BIBLIOGRAPHY 468 APPENDIX 18.1: EXCHANGE RATES AND THE EXPORTER AND IMPORTER-A MATHEMATICAL TREATMENT 468 The Exporter 468 471 Effects in Terms of Home Currency (Dollars) Effects in Terms of Foreign Currency (British Pounds) 472 The Importer 472 474 Effects in Terms of Home Currency (Dollars) Effects in Terms of Foreign Currency (British Pounds) 475 A Backgrounder to the International Financial System, Addendum: The International Economic Environment: Past and Present 476 SYSTEMS OF FIXED EXCHANGE RATES 476 The Classical Gold-Standard System 477 Price Adjustment under the Gold Standard 480 The Gold-Exchange and Dollar Standards 482 Price Adjustment under the Gold-Exchange and Dollar Standards 485 The European Monetary System (EMS) 487 Price Adjustment under the EMS 488 Other Automatic Adjustment Mechanisms 488 National Income 491 Interest Rates 492 492 THE CASE FOR FIXED VERSUS FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATES Arguments for Flexible Exchange Rates 492 Better Adjustment 493 Better Confidence 493 493 Better Lquidity Gains rom Freer Trade 493 495 Increased Independence of Pollcy The Case against Flexible Rates 495 Flexible Rates Cause Uncertalnty and Inhibit International Trade and Investment 496 497 Flexible Rates Cause Destabilizing Speculatlon Flexible Rates Will Not Work for Small Economies 498 499 Flexible Rates Are Unstable Because of Small Trade Elasticities Flexible Rates Are Inflationary 499 HYBRID SYSTEMS OF EXCHANGE RATES 499 Dirty Float 500 500 Wider Band 501 Mixed Fixed and Flexible Rates Crawling Peg 502 Cooperative Intervention in Disorderly Markets 503 THE HISTORY AND POSSIBLE FUTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM 503 504 The Situation Before Bretton Woods, 1900-1944 Bretton Woods and the IMF, 1944-1973 508 509 The Flexible-Exchange-Rate Period, 1973-1985 The Dirty-Float Era, 1985- 510 511 THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM The Third-World Debt Crisis 511 512 The Background 512 The Causes 513 The Fear 514 515 Shifting Global Economic Power The Handling of the Crisis NEW THEORIES OF EXOCHANGE RATES 516 Monetary Theory of Exchange Rates 520 The Asset Approach to Exchange Rates 521 The Portfolio-Balance Approach to Exchange Rates 523 523 524 The Dornbusch Sticky-Price Theory THEORIES OF EXCHANGE-RATE VOLATILITY Varying Elasticities 525 526 Stock Adjustment and Flow Fluctuations Other Theories of Overshooting 527 529 SUMMARY 530 QUESTIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEXES 533 537 Name Index Subject Index
MODERN RETAILING: THEORY AND PRACTICE
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The retail structure Retail Strategy Monitoring the EnvIRONMENTS Affecting Strategy Development Understanding Markets inWhich to Compete Deciding How to Compete : The Financial and Human Resources Plans Deciding How to Compete : The Marketing Plan Mesuring Success and Identifying Opportunities
ECONOMIC CONCEPTS
BINGHAM , Robert C.
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Graphics and their meaning Scarcity The economic Problem Five fundamental Economic Question The circular flow Fundamentals of demand and supply Demand supply Equilibrum Changes in the demand and supply National income accounting The meaning of GNP Measuring the GNP Other measures of performance Adjusting the GNP Macroeconomics Analysis:AGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY Aggregate Demand Aggregate supply Equilibrum Inflation and unemployement National income analysis National Output and Aggregate Expenditures Consumption and saving investment Equilibrum NNP The multiplier Exports and imports Government and the economy MONEY AND BANKING:FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY The money supply The demand for money and the rate of interest The commercial Bank The commercial Banking system The federal reserve banks Fiscal and monetary policy PRICE ELASTICITY AND MARGINAL REVENUE Elasticity Marginal revenue THE COSTS OF PRODUCTION Economic costs Short-run costs Long-run costs PRODUCT PRICE AND OUTPUT: PURE COMPETITION The Short Run The Long Run PRODUCT PRICE AND OUTPUT:PURE MONOPOLY THE PRICES AND EMPLOYEMENT OF RESSOURCES One variable Resource Perfectly Competitive Employers ,Perfectly Competitive sellers Perfectly Competitive Employers ,Imperfectly Competitive Sellers A perfectly competitive ressource market Monopsonists All ressources variable INTERNATIONAL TRADE The Theoru of Comparative Advantage Foreign Exchange The international Balance of payements REVIEW TEST Answer to review test NATIONAL ICOME ACCOUNT The meaning of GNP Mesasuring theGNP Other Measures of performance Adjusting the GNP MACROECONOMIE ANALYSIS: AGGREATE DEMAND AND AGGREATE SUPLLY Aggregate demand Aggregate supply Equilibruim Inflaction and unemployment NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS National Output and aggregate expenditeures Consumption and saving Investement Equilibrium NNP The multiplier Exports and import Government and the economy
WORKING PAPERS TO ACCOMPANY PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING, 5th ed.
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POSITIVE CHILD GUIDANCE
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New Roles and Responsibilities in Child Rearing Short-Term Objectives for Child Guidance Long-Term Goals for Child Guidance Chapter 2 WHAT 1S POSITIVE CHILD GUIDANCE? INTRODUCTION BELIEFS ABOUT CHILD GUIDANCE Historical Perspectives Modern Thinking About Child Guidance The Child in Society Preparation for Participation in a Democracy The Strain of Changing Disciplinary Traditions Cultural Influences on Child Rearing Preparing Children for the Realities of an Adult World How Young Children Learn About Their Role in the World Parent Expectations Related to Social and Economic Backgrounds Understanding Cultural Differences Philosophies of Guidance The Nature-Versus-Nurture Controversy The Behaviorist Approach Chapter 3 The Maturationist Approach The Developmental Interactionist Approach Which Philosophy is Right? SECTION 2 WHAT CAN I EXPECT FROM CHILDREN? UNDERSTANDING CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOR Typical Ages and Stages Infants (0-12 months) Reacting to Sensations Without Conscious Intention Can Babies Misbehave on Purpose? Reflex Responses and Unconscious Conditioning What Is Classical Conditioning? What Is Operant Conditioning? What Is Metacognition? Babies' Control of Their Actions Development of Trust Learned Helplessness Flexibility versus Predictable Routines Secure Attachment to Caregivers Separation and Stranger Anxieties Shared Identity with Caregivers Toddlers (12 months3 years) Reacting to Feelings and Needs Without Planning Dawning Awareness of Cause and Effect Exploration Needs Safety Concerns Sensitivity to Nonverbal Communication Beginnings of Verbal Communication Separation and Stranger Anxieties Making Friends with a Shy Toddler Egocentrism, Possessiveness Insecurity Quest for Independence Dawning Self-Awareness Preschoolers (3-5 years) Beginnings of Conscious Decision-Making, Planning, and Intention Growing Comprehension of Language Communicating Successfully with a Preschooler Using Words to Express Feelings and Needs Learning How to Be a Friend Accepting Responsibility Following Rules Developing a Clear Self-Concept Competitiveness School-agers (5-12 years) Growing Ability to Think Logically Arguing Becoming a Capable Listener Dealing with Authority Figures Breaking the Cycle of Misbehavior Analyzing and Creating Rules A Sense of Fairness A Need to Belong Becoming Productive Controlling Impulses Maintaining Self-Esteem Chapter 4 TAKING A NEW LOOK AT CHILDREN Identifyìng Personal Biases that Affect Guidance Responding Objectively to Individual Children The Observation Sequence Observing Evaluating Children's Behavior Interpreting Planning Taking Action Evaluating Observation Strategies Anecdotal Record Running Account Time Sampling Event Sampling Chapter 5 Checklists versus Narrative Accounts SECTION 3 HOW CAN I PREVENT MISBEHAVIOR? PLANNING THE PROSOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Prosocial Behavior Setting the Stage for Appropriate Behavior The Physical Environment T'ypical Child-care Environments A Developmentally Appropriate Environment Scheduling The Nurturing Social Environment A Relaxed, Playful Atmosphere A Cooperative Rather than Competitive Setting Developmentally Appropriate Activities, Materials, and Routines Consistency, Predictability The Nurturing Adult Modeling Appropriate Behavior Handling Aggression Positively Imitation Showing Attentiveness to Individual Needs Providing Affirmation, Affection, and Acceptance Providing Recognition and Encouragement Being Willing to Enforce Appropriate Rules Being Willing to Protect Individual Rights Chapter 6 Defining UNDERSTANDING THE REASONS FOR PROBLEM BEHAVIOK Problem Behavior Functional and Dysfunctional Behaviors dult-Centered Definition of Misbehavior Chld-Centered Definition of Misbe havior Stages of Moral Development in Young Children Onderlying Causes of Problem Behavior Inappropriate Expectations Misunderstanding Expectations Immature Self-Control Gleeful A bandon, Group Contagion Boredom Fatigue, Discomfort Desire for Recognition Discouragement Frustration Rebellion SECTION 4 HOW CAN I RESOLVE PROBLEMS? Chapter 7 POSITIVE COMMUNICATION Types of Communication Adult Assistance of Early Communication Skills Effective Listening or Information Three Basic Human Needs Underlying Requests for Help Appropriate Responses to Requests for Action Appropriate Responses to Requests for Understanding and Attention Response to Requests for Dependency or Inappropriate Interaction Listening and Helping Strategies in the Care of Babies and Toddlers Addressing Underlying Feelings Helping Children Understand Their Feelings Confronting Troublesome Feelings Positive Instructions versus Negative Commands Characteristics of Assertive Communication Key Factors in Assertive Communication Characteristics of Nonproductive Communication Managing the Positive Confrontation Positive and A ssertive Confrontations Responsibility Chapter 8 POSITIVE ACTION Nonverbal Cues, Body Language Significance of Nonverbal Cues for Young Children Consistency of Nonverbal Cues with Verbal Communication F'ocused Attention at the Child's Eye Level Helping Children Learn to Resolve Problems Independently Facilitating Child-to -Child Communication Encouraging Voluntary Apologies Encouraging Voluntary Sharing Logical and Natural Consequences Chapter 9 The Objective Cause-and-Effect Sequence Punishment versus Discipline Separating the Deed from the Doer Overindulgence and Overprotection, Spoilung Making Choices Within Limits External Reinforcement Supportive External Conditions for Appropriate Behavior, Unconscious Conditioning Appropriate Use of Behavior Modification Behaviorism Oversimplified-Ignoring the Negative and Rewarding the Positive GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE DISCIPLINE Ignore Mildly Annoying Behavior That Is Neither Harmful nor Unfair Focus A ttention Elsewhere Discreetly Redirect Slightly Inappropriate Behavior to More Positive Substitute Behavior Immediately Interrupt Behavior That Is Harmful or Unfair Intervene as Firmly as Necessary, as Gently as Possible Maintain Objectivity Remove the Child from a Problem Situation Assertively Shape Positive Behavior Teach Ground Rules Clarify Expectations Maintain Consistency Remove Possible Causes of Problem Behavior Offer Assistance and Encouragement Give Undivided A ten tion Chapter 10 DEALING WITH PATTERNS OF CHRONIC MISBEHAVIOR Reacting to Needs-Maslow's Hierarchy The Role of Selesteem in Chronic Misbehavior Supporting the Child's Development of Self-esteem The No-Lose Method of Conflict Resolution Dreikurs' Mistaken Goals Attention-Seeking Behavior Clinging, Feigning Ineptness Artificial Charm, Competitiveness Clowning, Acting Out, Silliness Laziness, Compulsiveness, Obnoxiousness Controlling Behavior Manipulativeness, Vengefulness Pouting, Stubbornness Bullying, Rebelling Disruptive Behavior Destructiveness, Aggressiveness Contempt, Mistrust Fits of Anger, Tantrums, Defiance Withdrawn, Passive Behavior Cyclical Self-Stimulation Rejection of Social Interchange Internalization of Stress Display of Ineptness and Hopelessness Sereening for Developmental “Red Flags" Can Hearing Problems Affect Behavior? What Other Physical Conditions Affect Behavior? Child Abuse or Neglect Locating Community Resources Meeting Adult Needs
MANAGEMENT: Functions and responsibilities
BAIRD , Lloyd S.
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📖 Contenu
Management : A framework The evolution of modern management Managerial decision marketing and problem solvin Organization planning Strategic planning Strategic management in changing environment The strucctur of organization Organization gesigne and culture Organization Change, conflict and development leading and directing Straffing and human resource management Communicating Motivating for Productivity Managing group processes Controlling performance Production and operation management Ethics and social responsibility Managing in the political and legal environment Managing in the international environment Managin in the future
MANAGEMENT: Functions and responsibilities
BAIRD , Lloyd S.
📚 Exemplaires
📖 Contenu
Management : A framework The evolution of modern management Managerial decision marketing and problem solvin Organization planning Strategic planning Strategic management in changing environment The strucctur of organization Organization gesigne and culture Organization Change, conflict and development leading and directing Straffing and human resource management Communicating Motivating for Productivity Managing group processes Controlling performance Production and operation management Ethics and social responsibility Managing in the political and legal environment Managing in the international environment Managin in the future
MANAGEMENT: Functions and responsibilities
BAIRD , Lloyd S.
📚 Exemplaires
📖 Contenu
Management : A framework The evolution of modern management Managerial decision marketing and problem solvin Organization planning Strategic planning Strategic management in changing environment The strucctur of organization Organization gesigne and culture Organization Change, conflict and development leading and directing Straffing and human resource management Communicating Motivating for Productivity Managing group processes Controlling performance Production and operation management Ethics and social responsibility Managing in the political and legal environment Managing in the international environment Managin in the future
MANAGEMENT: Functions and responsibilities
BAIRD , Lloyd S.
📚 Exemplaires
📖 Contenu
Management : A framework The evolution of modern management Managerial decision marketing and problem solvin Organization planning Strategic planning Strategic management in changing environment The strucctur of organization Organization gesigne and culture Organization Change, conflict and development leading and directing Straffing and human resource management Communicating Motivating for Productivity Managing group processes Controlling performance Production and operation management Ethics and social responsibility Managing in the political and legal environment Managing in the international environment Managin in the future
MANAGEMENT: Functions and responsibilities
BAIRD , Lloyd S.
📚 Exemplaires
📖 Contenu
Management : A framework The evolution of modern management Managerial decision marketing and problem solvin Organization planning Strategic planning Strategic management in changing environment The strucctur of organization Organization gesigne and culture Organization Change, conflict and development leading and directing Straffing and human resource management Communicating Motivating for Productivity Managing group processes Controlling performance Production and operation management Ethics and social responsibility Managing in the political and legal environment Managing in the international environment Managin in the future
MACROECONOMICS
Bronfenbrenner, Sichel, Gardner , Martin, Werner, Wayland
📚 Exemplaires
📖 Contenu
Socialism Economics in FOCus Why So Hard? Summary 16 Dying? 15 Key Terms INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS What Economics Is Discussion Questions 17 Preview 1 What Is Economics? 2 The Actors on the Economic Stage Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Microeconomics: Three Basic Choices 3 Preview 19 Households 20 Macroeconomics: Analysis of Aggregate Economic Activity 4 Population and Age Groups 20 Sources of Income 22 Economnic Growth and Development 6 Median Family Income 23 Economic Growth: More of the Same Output 6 Labor Force Participation 24 Business Firms Uses of Income 25 26 Economic Development: Growth Plus Progress 6 Forms of Business Organizations 26 The Stock Market 28 Business Accounting 29 Governments 32 How Societies Solve Economic Problems 8 Which Mechanism--Market or Planned? 9 The Stabilization Function 35 The Distribution Function 34 The Allocation Function 33 Ownership-Capitalism or Socialism? ll Evaluating Economic Systems 11 Six Criteria 11 Policy Tradeoffs 13 Economics in Focus Economic Experiments 58 The Rest of the World 35 The Actors in Action 36 Summary 59 Key Terms 59 Economics in Focus Women in the Labor Force 37 Discussion Questions 60 Summary 38 Key Terms 38 Discussion Questions 39 Scarcity: The Economic Problem Preview 63 Scarcity 64 How Economists Approach Problems Scarce Goods and Services 64 Preview 41 Scarce Resources Economic Theory 42 Opportunity Cost Choice 68 Testing Economic Theory 42 Opportunity Cost in Consumnption 69 Opportunity Cost in Production 70 Economics in Focus Opportunity Costs in Health Care 77 Summary 78 Key Terms 78 Positive and Normative Economics 46 The Role of Assumptions 43 Dependent and Independent Variables 47 Functional Relationships 46 Economic Rationality 44 Direct and Inverse Relationships 47 Graphs 47 Discussion Questions 79 Marginal Analysis 51 Marginal Analysis in Funaional Relationships S1 Relationship Between Marginal, Average, and Total Amount Demand and Supply-Or Supply and Demand Preview 81 Marginal Cost and Marginal Benefit 52 Criticism of Marginal Analysis 53 Equilibrium 53 Individual Consumer Demand Decisions 82 Stable and Unstable Equilibrium 54 Partial Equilibrium versus General Equilibrium 54 The Denand Schedule and Curve 83 Slope of the Demand Curve 84 Statics, Comparative Statics, and Dynamics 55 Changes in the Quantity Demnanded and Individual Firm Supply Changes in Demand 85 Decisions 87 A Word to the Wise Terms 55 Cause and Effect 55 Fallacy of Composition 56 The Supply Schedule and Curve 88 Changes in the Quantity Supplied and Slope of the Supply Curve 88 Changes in Supply 89 Time Lags S6 Uncertainty and Expectations S6 Pervasive Errors 57 Contents Government Monetary and Fiscal Policy 1 Economics in Focus Econometric Models Summary 12) Market Demand and Supply 91 Equilibrium Price and Quantity 92 Market Manipulation 94 Which Sequence: Macro-Micro or Micro-Macro? 98 Key Terms 122 Discussion Questions 123 Economics in FoCus Drought and Food Prices or No Rain--A Lot of Key Terms 100 Summary Pain 99 National Income Accounting Discussion Questions 101 Preview Essay Classical Economics: The Dismal Science? National Income and Product The National Product Section The National Income Section The Personal Income Section Why Five Series? 132 Accounts Shortcomings of the System 133 "Do-It- Yourself'" Production 133 The Underground Economy Economics in Focus Legalizing the Relations with the Environment Intermediate Products 134 Underground Economy: A Boon for Usefulness of the A ccounts 136 War and Violence 135 Third World Nations? 137 Summary 138 THE MACROECONOMY Aggregate Demnand, The Circular Flow, and Aggregate Supply Preview The Circular Flow of Economic Activity 104 Key Terms 138 Payments for Resources 105 Household Uses of Funds 106 Discussion Questions 139 Macroeconomic Equilibrium and Disequilibrium 110 Expansionary Disequilibrium IlI Contractionary Disequilibrium I12 Inflation and Unemployment Inflation and the Price Level 142 Price-Index Numbers 142 Preview Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply I12 Aggregate Demand 12 Aggregate Supply I15 Macroeconomic Equilibrium 117 The Consumer Price Index 143 Macroeconomic Disequilibrium 117 A Look Ahead 118 The GNP Implicit Price Deflator 146 Special- Purpose Index Numbers 147 Inflation in the United States 149 Oil Shocks and the Great Stagflation l18 Changes in Buying Behavior 118 Economis in Focus Baby Booms and Economic Cycles Summary 188 Bconomi ConseqeeRCeS f eflatson 149 Poltical Consequences of inflation 152 Employment 153 Key Terms 188 The Cinhan Employment Rate 153 Discussion Questions 189 Essay The Gross Anatomy of Gross Unemployment The Civihan Labor Force Participation Rate 154 Unemployment 154 The Economic Concept of Unemployment 154 Measured Unemployment 158 Types of Unemployment 159 III KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS AND FISCAL POLICY The Incidence of Unemployment 162 The Soial Consequences of Unemployment 163 Economis in FoCus Can the Unemployment Rate Fall Too Low? 10 The Keynesian Model of Income Determination Summary l66 Key Terms 167 Preview 191 Discussion Questions l68 Keynesian Economics 192 Rejection of Say's ldentity 192 Aggregate Demand Is Crucial 193 Planned Consumption Expenditure 194 Economic Fluctuations Preview 171 Marginal Propensities to Consume and The Consunption Function Save l95 Fluctuation Theories and 172 Patterns Average Propensities to Consume and Save 197 Measuring Fluctuations 174 The Historical Record 173 Cycle Patterns 176 Short-Run and Long- Run Consumption The Keynesian-Cross Graph 197 Functions 200 Expansionary Demand-Shock gcles and Capitalism 177 Fluctuations 1 78 The Permanent Income Hypothesis 200 Taxes and the Consumption Function 201 The Expansion Phase 178 The Upper Turning Point 179 Shifting the Consumption Fundion 202 Planned Investment Expenditure 204 The Contraction Phase 180 The Lower Turning Point 180 Planned Investment and the Rate of Irterest 204 Contractionary Demand-Shock Fluctuations The Contraction Phase I82 Other Determinants of Planned Investment 206 The Lower Turning Point 183 Government Purchases 206 Equilibrium National Incomne 20 Imports and Exports 207 The Upper Turzing Point 184 The Epansion Phase 184 Supply Shocks 184 A Look Ahead l85 Cotents Feedback to the Demand for Money 312 Are Monetary Instruments Strong or Weak? 312 Federal Rs¢ne DIstrict Banks 275 Federal Rescrve Bank Balane Sheet 277 Short-Run Monetary Policy 314 Changes in Money Velocity 314 Instruments of Monetary Policy 278 Reserie Requirements A Policy of Accommodation 315 Judgment- Based Monetary Policy 317 Monetary Policy and Inflationary Expectations 318 Open Market Operattons 279 lhe DiscoOunt Rute 281 The Federal Funds Rate 281 Other Instruments 282 Inflationary Expetations and the Loanable-Funds Market 3J8 Monetary Policy 282 The Goals of Monerary Policy 282 Inflationary Expectations and Monetary Policy 320 Operating "Targets' for Monetary Policy 283 Economics in Focus Money Supply and the Crash of 1987 321 Summary Monetary Problems in Targeting Aggregates 285 The Fed Key Terms 322 Discussion Questions 323 Economics in FoCus Summary 288 Key Terms 289 Divided 287 Essay Economics of Inflation Discussion Questions 290 Appendix A Brief History of Federal Reserve Policies 291 INFLATION, EXPECTATIONS, AND CONTEMPORARY MACROECONOMIC 14 Monetary Economics Preview 297 THOUGHT The Quantity-of-Money Theory 298 An Aggregate-Demand'" View of the Quantily Theory 15 Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, and Potential GNP The Classical Aggregate- Supply Curve 299 Preview 325 The Steady-Money-Growth Policy 300 The Role of Interest Rates 301 Aggregate Demand 326 The Real Balances Theory 327 The Interest Rate Theory 327 Shifting the Aggregate-Demand Curve 329 The Slope of the Aggregate-Supply Aggregate Supply 330 Curve 330 Shifting the Aggregate- Supply Curve 332 Macroeconomic Equilibrium 334 Recession Real and Nominal Values 302 Real and Nominal Interest Rates Loanable-Funds Markets 303 The Money Market 304 The Demand-for-Money Curve 305 Equilibrium in the Money Market 308 Monetary Instruments in Action: The Money-Supply Curve 308 A No-Inflation Scenario 309 Indirect Transmission 310 Direct Transmission 312 Recovery by Deflation 335 Recovery by Reflation 335 XXiv Contents Economics in Focus Inflationary Expectations: Actions and Reactions in Europe Expansion 336 Summary 365 Higher Output and Prices 336 Stagflation 337 Key Terms Long-Run Aggregate Supply and Potential GNP 338 Discussion Questions 366 Does the Price Level Affect Long-Run Aggregate Supply and Potential GNP? 338 17 Rational Expectations and Contemporary Schools of Macroeconomic Thought The Natural Rate of Unemployment 339 Changes in Long-Run Aggregate Supply and Potential GNP 340 Supply Shocks Preview 369 Rational Expectations 370 Rational Expectations in the AD-AS Framework 370 Economics in Focus Raising Employee Productivity 343 Summary 344 Key Terms 345 Discretionary Fiscal and Monetary Policies Are Useless 371 Discussion Questions 346 Deficits Don't Matter 372 The New Classical School of Surprises Cause Fluctuations Economnic Thought 373 Price Flexibility 3 74 Market Clearing 375 347 Expectations, and Inflation 16 The Phillips Curve, Adaptive Economics Neo-Keynesian Economics 376 Preview 347 The IS-LM System Coordinated Monetary and Fiscal Policies 380 The Phillips Curve and Adaptive Expectations 348 Neo-Keynesian Economics and the Price Level 381 The Phillips Curve and Macroecononic Policy 348 Neo-Keynesian versus New Classical Economics 38I How Important Are Rational Expectations? 381 How Flexrible Are Prices? 382 Do Markets Always Clear? 382 Phillips-Curve Experience 349 Unanticipated Inflation 351 Adaptive Expectations 353 Aggregate-Supply Curve 354 The Phillips Curve and the Stagflation and Policy Alternatives 356 Post Keynesian Economics 383 Supply-Side Economics 384 Say's ldentity Again? 385 Confirming Inflationary Expectations 357 Deflation as a Policy Option 356 A Policy of Accelerating Inflation 357 The Laffer Curve 386 Economics in Focus Reagan and the Supply Side: Success or Failure? 387 Summary 388 A Policy of Disinflation 358 Indexing 359 Wage and Price Controls 361 Key Terms 389 Changing the Aggregate-Supply Curve 361 Discussion Questions 389 Problems with Waqe and Prie Controls 362 Contents X The Slopes of Demand and Supply Curves 408 Macoeconomics as a Branch of Knowledge Equilibrium Foreign Exchange Rates 409 Fixed versus Flexible Exchange Rates 410 Preview İs Macroeconomics Practical? Fixing Exchange Rates 41o The Case for Flexible Rates 41| Is Macroeconomics Scientific? The Case for Fixed Rates 412 What DS II Mean to Be Scientific? 392 A Brief History of Exchange- Rate Systems 412 Nonsientific Aspets of MaaTOeconomis 393 Balance of Payments Eurocurrencies Accounts What About Forecasting? 393 A Primer on Forecasting 394 U.S. International Accounts 416 Balance of Payments Stages 419 What About the National Problems in Forecasting Debt? Favorable or Unfavorable Balance? 420 The We Owe It to Ourselves View 396 Balance of Payments Problems The Neo-Ricardian View 396 Solutions for Payments Problems 42 1 Economics in Focus Buying and Selling A merica 423 Summary 424 From One Generation to the Next Where Do We Go from Here? The Public-Choice View The Reagan Experience 399 Living with Deficits 400 Possible Crisis Key Terms Econonics in Focus Budget Discussion Questions 426 Arithmetic 402 Appendix International Macroeconomics 427 Summary 403 Key Terms 403 Essay The New Frontier and After Discussion Questions 20 Free Trade versus Protection Previevw 435 Gains and Losses from Trade 436 Trade in a Single Commodity 437 Gains and Losses to Producers and Consumers INTERNATIONAL TRADE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Comparative Advantage 440 Comparative Advantage and Choosing a Other Economic Efects 440 Career 442 19 Exchange Rates, International Balances, and International Finance The Dynamics of Comparative Advantage 442 Preview 405 Factor Price Equalization 443 Nominal versus Efective Protection 445 Protection 444 The World Is Always with Us Foreign Exchange Markets A Two-Country Model 407 Multilateral Trade 408 Contents South Korea: Eonomis in Focus Two Sides of a Miracle Summary Discussion Questions 478 Key Terms 477 Commercial Treaties, Free Trade Areas, and Customs Unions 451 22 Economic Development Preview 479 What Is Economic Development 480 0 GAIT 453 The Shifting U.S. Trade Position 453 The Vast and Variegated Majority 48l Differences in Living Standards 482 Theories of Development and Underdevelopment 484 The Psog f the Diar-Sheortage Era 4S4 Adam Smith's Development Theory 484 Malthusian Pessimism 485 Marxian Theories 485 Changing Fazor Endwments 456 An Aaclerated PrtuI Qde 456 Economis in Focus The New Economic Nationalism 457 Summary 458 Key Terms 459 Dependencia Theories of Underdevelopment 486 Discussion Questions 460 Rostow's Non-Communist Manifesto 488 Cultural-Development Theories 489 "Vicious-Circle Theory 488 Development and Income Distribution 489 21 Economic Growth Preview 461 Development and Redistribution 490 The Kuznets Hypothesis 489 Dualism and Enclaves 490 Basic Human Needs 490 The North-South Confrontation 491 What Does Growth Mean? 462 The Economic Growth Record 463 A Supply-Side Economic Growth Model 464 A New International Economic Order 491 Some Results from the Supply-Side Model 466 The Neoclassical Growth Model 466 What Can the South Do? 492 Third World Debt 493 Debt History 493 A Demand-Side Economic Growth Model 467 Looking Ahead 470 The Debt Impasse 496 Economics in Focus Debt-for-Nature Effect on North-South Relations 497 Swaps 498 Resource Exhaustion and Environmental Pollution 471 Aging of Advanced-Country Populations 472 Summary 499 Growth versus Equity 472 Key Terms 500 Is Growth a Good Thing? 473 Discussion Questions 500 Antigrowth Arguments 474 Advantages of Growth 473 Contents xrvii Arbitrary or Corrupt Bureaucracy Propaganda and Suppression 521 Criticism of the Theory 52 1 The Power Seekers 521l Essay Japanese-American Economnic Warfare? Economics in Focus Private Business and Perestroika 522 Summary VII COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS Key Terms 523 Discussion Questions 524 Comparative Economic Systems- More Planning or Less? Preview 24 Radical Economics Social Goals 502 Preview Planning, Freedom, and Power Indictments of Capitalism 528 Maldistribution 528 Insecurity 529 Alienation 529 Some Marxian Propositions 530 Marxian Economics: The Statics Marxian Economics: The Dynamics 533 Are You a Radical? 534 Planning, Collectivism, and the Types of Planning 504 Welfare State 503 Macroeconomic Planning S05 Public Sector Planning 505 Indicative Planning 505 Imperative Planning Magic Wand Planning 505 A Planned Collectivist Economy: The New Left The Soviet Union 506 Branches of the New Left 536 Stalin and the Growth of Gosplan 506 The New Right 540 Problems of Soviet Planning 508 The Market Economy New Right 540 The Libertarian Movement 541 Objectivism and Social Darwinism The Future of Radical Economics 542 From Stalin to Gorbachev S08 The Chinese Variant Planning Under Capitalism: Japan and Sweden 510 Japan, lnc.? 51l Economics in Focus Toward a New Socialism 544 Summary 545 Key Terms 546 Markets Under Socialism: Sweden 's Welfare State Yugoslavia and China 515 The Yugoslav Case Discussion Questions 547 Essay From Karl Marx to the New Left The Theory of Market The Chinese Case S16 Socialism 518 How the System Works 518 Criticisms of the Theory 519 Austrian Theory: Planning as the Glossary Index Road to Serfdom 520 The Growth of Controls Under Planning $20
MACROECONOMICS
Bronfenbrenner, Gardner, Sichel , Martin, Wayland, Werner
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I INTRODUCTION TO THE PRICE SYSTEM 1 Economics: The World Around You Appendix: Working with Graphs Choice, Opportunity Costs, and Specialization 3 Markets, Demand and Supply, and the Price System 4 The Market System and the Private Sector 5 The Public Sector Making Sense of Macroeconomics: ldea Map II MACROECONOMIC BASICS 6 National Income Accounting 7 An Introduction to the Foreign Exchange Market and the Balance of Payments 8 Unemployment and Inflation Macroeconomic Equilibrium: Aggregate Demand and Supply 10 Aggregate Expenditures Appendix: An Algebraic Model of Aggregate Expenditures 11 Income and Expenditures Equilibrium Appendix: An Algebraic Model of Income and Expenditures Equilibrium III MACROECONOMIC POLICY 12 Fiscal Policy Appendix: An Algebraic Examination of the Balanced-Budget Change in Fiscal Policy 13 Money and Banking Macroeconomic Policy: Tradeoffs, Expectations, Credibility, and Sources of Business Cycles 14 Monetary Policy 16 Macroeconomic Viewpoints: New Keynesian, Monetarist, and New Classical 17 Macroeconomic Links Between Countries IV ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 18 Economic Growth Development Economics V ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FINANCE 20 World Trade Equilibrium 21 Commercial Policy 22 Exchange-Rate Systems and Practices 23 The Transition from Socialism to Capitalism |Contents 2 Choice, Opportunity Costs, and Specialization 32 PART I V INTRODUCTION TO THE PRICE SYSTEM XXIV Preview 33 1. Opportunity Costs 33 The Opportunity Cost of Going to College. 34 Trade-Offs and Decisions at the Margin, 34 The Production Possibilities Curve, 35 I Economics: The World Around You 2 Preview 3 1.b. 1. The Definition of Economics 4 Scarcity, 4 Specialization and Trade 39 L.b. Choices. 7 2.a. Marginal Opportunity Cost, 40 Rational Self-Interest, 7 Specialize Where Opportunity Costs Are Lowest, 40 2. The Economic Approach Comparative Advantage, 43 Positive and Normative Analysis, 9 Scientific Method, 10 Specialization and Trade Occur Everywhere, 44 Summary Key Terms Exercises 45 Common Mistakes, 13 Economic Insight The Opportunity Cost of Waiting" 35 Macroeconomics and Microeconomics, 14 Summary Key Terms Exercises 14 Economic lnsight "Free"" Air? 5 Economically Speaking "Low Prices Reflect High Sales Goals" 48 3 Markets, Demand and Supply, and the Price System 50 Economic Insight Experimental Economics 12 Economic Insight The Super Bow Predictor 13 Economically Speaking "More Cars, Going Faster, Closer Together" 18 Preview 51 Appendix: Working with Graphs 20 1. Markets 52 1. Reading Graphs 20 Market Definition, 52 l.b. Barter and Money Exchanges, 53 1.c. Relative Price, 53 Relationships Between Variables, 21 Independent and Dependent Variables, 22 Direct and Inverse Relationships, 22 2. Demand 55 2. Constructing a Graph 23 2.b. The Demand Schedule, 56 The Law of Demand, 55 The Demand Curve, 56 2.a. The Axes, 23 2.d. From Individual Demand Curves to a Market Curve, 57 Constructing a Graph from a Table, 24 2.c. Interpreting Points on a Graph, 26 3. Slopes 26 2.e. Changes in Demand and Changes in Quantity Demanded, 59 3.a. Positive and Negative Slopes, 26 3.b. Equations, 28 International Effects, 61 Maximum and Minimum Points 28 Summary Key Terms Exercises 30 Contents Econoic Inslght The Successful Entreprene 3. Supply 63 Better to Be Ludcy Than Goody (Sometimes It's Theaters "Movie Speaking Take Economically The Law of Supply, 63 Commercial Break' I 08 The Supply Schedule and Supply Curve, 64 From Individual Supply Curves to the Market Supply, 65 5 The Public Sector I l0 3.d. Changes in Supply and Changes in Quantity Supplied, 65 Preview Il1 4. Equilibrium: Putting Demand and Supply Together 70 1. The Circular Flow 1I2 Guardian of Efficiency, Government as the 114 the Market: of System The Role Government in 2. 03 Determination of Equilibrium, 70 Changes in the Equilibrium Price: Demand Shifts, 71 Information and the Price System, 115 Business Cycles, 118 Public Goods, 1 16 Externalities, 1 15 Monopoly, 1 18 4.c. Changes in Equilibrium Price: Supply Shifts, 72 4.d. Equilibrium in Reality, 73 Summary Key Terms Exercises 77 Economic Insight The Stock Market" 53 of Government, Public Choice Theory 118 2.g- Government States United of 120 Overview the Microeconomic Policy, 120 Macroeconomic Policy, 121 Government Spending, 123 Economic Insight "Barter is Big Business" 54 Economic Insight The Foreign Exchange Market 62 3.b. Overview of Major Market Economies, 125 Program Learns Lesson in Supply and Demand: 1= Economic Insight "Gridlock on the Highways 17 4. Government in Other Economies Economically Speaking isconsin Private-Schonl Summary Key Terms Exercises Idea Map: Making Sense of Macroeconomics 132 Economically Speaking "Panel Denies Rent Hike Request Because of Complaints of Upkeep" 80 4 The Market System and the Private Sector 82 Preview 83 1. The Market System 84 Consumer Sovereignty, 84 Profit and the Allocation of Resources The Flow 1.d. The Determination of Income, 87 2. Households 89 PART II V MACROECONOMIC BASICS 134 6 National Income Accounting 136 Preview 137 2.a. Number of Households and Household Income, 89 2.b. Household Spending, 90 3. Business Firms 91 1. Measures of Output and Income 137 1.a. GrOss Domestic Product, 139 Forms of Business Organization, 91 Business Statistics, 92 1.b. Other Measures of Output and Income, 145 2. Nominal and Real Measures 149 Firms Around the World, 93 3.d. Entrepreneurial Ability, 94 Nominal and Real GDP, 149 2.b. Price Indexes, 151 3.e. Business Spending, 94 4. The International Sector 96 4.a. Types of Countries, 96 3. Flows of Income and Expenditures 154 Summary Key Terms Exercises 155 4.b. International Sector Spending, 100 5. Linking the Sectors 102 Economic Insight The Value of Homemaker Services" 140 Households and Firms, 103 Economic Insight The Consumer Price Index" E Economic Insight "GNP versus GDP" 148 Economically Speaking "Ecological Economics" Households, Firms, and the International Sector, 104 mmary Key Terms Exercises 106 onomic Insight "Adam Smith" 88 Than Good)" 97 ters Take Entrepreneur 9 Macroeconomic Equilibrium: Aggregate Demand and Supply 204 Preview 205 7 An Introduction to the Foreign Exchange Market and the Balance of Payments I60 Previewe 161 1. Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, and Business Cycles 205 1. The Foreign Erchange Market 161 Exchange Rates, 162 L.a. Aggregate Demand and Business Cycles, 206 Aggregate Supply and Business Cycles, 207 A Look Ahead, 207 Exchange Rate Changes and International Trade, I63 2. The Balance of Payments 166 2. Factors That lnfluence Aggregate Demand 208 Sistem l13 Accounting for International Transactions, 166 Balance of Payments Accounts, 167 Consumption, 208 2.b. Investment, 209 Government Spending, 209 The Current Account and the Capital Account, Net Exports, 209 Aggregate Expenditures, 210 Summary Key Terms Exercises 171 3. The Aggregate Demand Curve 210 Economic Insight "Black Markets in Foreign Exchange" 165 Changes in Aggregate Quantity Demanded: Price-Level Effects, 211 Changes in Aggregate Demand: Nonprice Determinants, 214 Economic Insight "The World's Largest Debtor Nation" 169 4. Aggregate Supply 218 Economically Speaking "Yen's Surge Likely to Push up Japanese Goods' Price" 174 Changes in Aggregate Quantity Supplied: Price- Level Effects, 218 4.a. Short-Run Versus Long-Run Aggregate Supply, 219 8 Unemployment and Inflation 176 Preview 177 4.c. Changes in Aggregate Supply: Nonprice Determinants, 221 1. Business Cycles 177 Definitions, 178 5. Aggregate Demand and Supply Equilibrium 225 5.a. Short-Run Equilibrium, 225 5.b. Long-Run Equilibrium, 226 Summary Key Terms Exercises 227 Historical Record, 179 Indicators, 179 2. Unemployment 181 Definition and Measurement, 181 Economic Insight How Lack of Information in the Short Run Affects Wages in the Long Run" 221 Economic Insight OPEC and Aggregate Supply 225 2.b. Interpreting the Unemployment Rate, 182 Types of Unemployment, 184 2.c. Costs of Unemployment, 185 2.e. The Record of Unemployment, 187 Economically Speaking "Confidence Surveys May Help to Predict the Shape of the Recovery" 230 3. Inflation 190 3.a. Absolute Versus Relative Price Changes, 191 Effects of Inflation, 192 Types of Inflation, 195 3.d. The Inflationary Record, 197 Summary Key Terms Exercises 200 10 Aggregate Expenditures 232 Preview 233 1. Consumption and Saving 233 Saving and Savings, 234 Economic Insight The Underground Economy" 183 Econornic Insight "Comparing Japanese and U.S. Recessions" 191 1.a. The Consumption and Saving Functions, 234 Marginal Propensity to Consume and Save, 237 Average Propensity to Consume and Save, 240 Determinants of Consumption, 24 l Economic Insight Indexation and Adjusting to Inflation in Israel" 198 Economically Speaking "Workers Feel Betrayed by GM Plant Closing'" 202 Contents MACROECONOMIC POLICY 291 PART II 2. Iavestment 246 12 Fiscal Policy 292 L. Fiscal Policy and Aggregate Demand 293 Shifting the Aggregate Demand Curve. 294 Multiplier Effects, 294 Preview 293 Autonomous Investment, 246 Deteminants of Investment. 246 Volaulity. 250 3. Government Spending 2$2 4 Net Exports 253 Government Spending Financed by Tax Increases, 296 4.a Exports. 253 4.b. Imports. 254 Government Spending Financed by Borrowing, 297 The Net Export Function. 254 5. The Ággregate Expenditures Function 256 Crowding Out, 299 and Table Function, 256 Aggregate Expenditures 2. Fiscal Policy in the United States 300 The Budget Process, 300 The Historical Record, 301 Deficits and the National Debt, 304 Automatic Stabilizers, 307 Summary Key Terms Exercises 258 The Nex Step, 256 bconomic Insight "Permanent Income, Life Cycles, and Consumption" 245 3. Fiscal Policy in Diferent Countries 308 Government Spending, 308 3.b. Taxation, 311 Americans Protest Despite Addiction to Foreign Economically Speaking "Trading with Japan: Goods" 260 Summary Key Terms Exercises 313 Model Economic Insight "Supply-Side Economics and the Laffer Curve" 298 Appendix to Chapter 10: An Algebraic of Aggregate Expenditures 262 Economic Insight The Taxpayer's Federal Government Credit Card Statement" 303 Economically Speaking "Think of the Federal Budeet as a Little Like Air" 316 II Income and Expenditures Equilibrium 264 Preview 1. Equilibrium Income and Expenditures 266 Examination of the Balanced-Budget Change Appendix to Chapter 12: An Algebraic in Fiscal Policy 318 1.a Expenditures and Income, 266 1Lb. Leakages and Injections, 268 2. Changes In Equilibrium Income and Expenditures 271 The Spending Multiplier, 271 13 Money and Banking 320 2.b. The Spending Multiplier and Equilibrium, 274 Real-World Complications, 276 Preview 321 1. What is Money? 321 3. Aggregate Expenditures and Aggregate Demand 281 The U.S. Money Supply, 324 Functions of Money, 322 Global Money, 327 3.a. Aggregate Expenditures and Changing Price Levels, 281 2. Banking 331 2.a. Financial Intermediaries, 331 2.b. U.S. Banking, 331 2.c. International Banking, 334 3. Banks and the Money Supply 337 3.a. Deposits and Loans, 337 Deriving the Aggregate Demand Curve, 282 Economic lnsight "John Maynard Keynes"" 266 3.c. A Fixed-Price AD-AS Model, 282 Economically Speaking "Brady: Economic Slowdown Economic Insight "The Paradox of Thrife" 269 Summary Key Terms Exercises 284 Hiting Big Industrial Powers" 286 3.b. Deposit Expansion Multiplier, 340 Economic Insight Yap lsland Money" 323 Summary Key Terms Exercises 341 Appendix to Chapter ll: An Algebraic Model of Income and Expenditures Equilibrium 288Economically Speaking "A Gentleman's 'B." for Bush on Economics 402 slamic Banking Economic Inslght Economicalty Speaking "Billions Elude Dollar Tally: Is Currency in Use Abroad?" 344 Macroeconomic Viewpoints: New Keynesian, Monetarist, and New Classical 404 I4 Nonetary Policy 346 Preview 347 Preview 405 1. Keynesian Economics 405 The Keynesian Model, 40 The ederal Reserve System 347 Structure of the Fed, 347 Funtions of the Fed, 349 The Policymaker's Role, 407 2. Monetarist Economics 407 2. Ieplementing Monetary Policy 351 Policy Goals, 35I The Monetarist Model, 408 The Policymaker's Role, 408 Classical Econonics 411 Operating Procedures, 354 Foreign Exchange Market Intervention, 361 3. New The New Classical Model, 412 The Policymaker's Role, 413 4. Comparison and Influence 414 Summary Key Terms Exercises 416 3.a. 3. Monetary Policy and Equilibrium lncome 365 Money Demand, 365 Economic Insight Milton Friedman" 410 Economically Speaking "Cambridge Pushes Chicago Aside" 418 3.b. Money and Equilibrium Income, 369 Summary Key Terms Exercises 371 Economic Insight What's on a Dollar Bill?" 350 Economic Insight "An FOMC Directive" 363 Economically Speaking "Federal Reserve Sees a Way to Gauge Long-Run Inflation" 374 17 Macroeconomic Links Between Countries 420 15 Macroeconomic Policy: Tradeoffs, Expectations, Credibility, and Sources of Business Gycles 376 Preview 421 Preview 377 1. Prices and Exchange Rates 422 1. The Phillips Curve 377 Appreciation and Depreciation, 422 Purchasing Power Parity, 423 Inflation and Exchange Rate Changes, 425 Interest Rates and Exchange Rates 427 An Inflation-Unemployment Tradeoff?, 378 Short-Run Versus Long-Run Tradeoffs, 379 2. The Role of Expectations 383 2.a. The Domestic Currency Return from Foreign Bonds, 427 Expected Versus Unexpected Inflation, 383 Forming Expectations, 387 Interest Rate Parity, 429 Deviations from Interest Rate Parity, 430 3. Policy Effects 431 3. Credibility and Time Inconsistency 389 The Policymaker's Problem, 389 Credibility, 391 4. Sources of Business Cycles 392 Government Borrowing, 431 Linking IRP and PPP, 435 Monetary Policy, 433 The Political Business Cycle, 392 4.b. Real Business Cycles, 394 4. International Policy Coordination 436 5. The Link Between Monetary and Fiscal Policies Potential Gains, 437 4.b. Obstacles, 437 Summary Key Terms Exercises 439 5.a. The Government Budget Constraint, 397 5.b. Monetary Reforms, 398 Summary Key Terms Exercises 400 Economic Insight The Overvalued Dollar" 426 Economic Insight The OECD" 438 Economic Insight The Natural Rate of Unemployment 382 Economically Speaking "High German Rates May Interest Investors" 442 Economic Insight "Ending Hyperinflation without a Recession" 392 Contents 23 The Transition from Socialism to Capitalism 558 22 Exchange-Rate Systems and Practices 536 Preview 537 Preview 559 L.a. Socialismn in the Soviet Union, 560 L.b. Shortcomings of Socialism, 561 1. Socialism 559 1. Past and Current Exchange-Rate Arrangements 537 The Gold Standard, 537 2. Microeconomic Issues 562 L.b. The Bretton Woods System, 538 Privatization, 563 The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, 539 1.c. 2.b. Price Reform, 564 2.c. Social Safety Net, 566 The Transition Years, 539 Monetary Policy, 567 3. Macroecononic Issues 567 Fiscal Policy. 569 Floating Exchange Rates, 540 2. Fixed or Floating Exchange Rates 544 4. The Sequencing of Reforms 570 Summary Key Terms Exercises 571 Equilibrium in the Foreign Exchange Market. Economic Insight "Privatization in Romania" 565 Economic Insight The Debate on Phasing"" S70 Economically Speaking Tough Times in Tiny German Village of Amerika" 574 2.b. Adjustment Mechanisms Under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates, 546 Constraints on Economic Policy, 548 3. The Choice of an Exchange-Rate Systen 549 Country Characteristics, 549 Multiple Exchange Rates, 550 Overvalued Exchange Rates, 552 Summary Key Terms Exercises 553 Glossary G-I Economic Insight "The IMF and the World Bank" 540 Credits C-I Economic Insight The Plaza Agreenment" 547 Index I- Economically Speaking "A Single Currency for the European Community" 556
STUDY GUIDE TO ACCOMPANY FUNDAMENTALS OF INVESTING, 4th ed.
,
📚 Exemplaires
STUDENT GUIDE FOR NOTE-TAKING, REVIEW, AND SKILLS PRACTICE: MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
HOLT , David
📚 Exemplaires
📖 Contenu
CHAPTER 1 MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes. Pre-test Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: Post-test. Skill Practice Exercises: The Board Meeting. 1.1-Learning from Personal Experience: Management Where You Work . 1.2-Real Time Cases: Productivity and Quality 1.3-Personal Management Skill Assessment. Answer Sheet. EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THEORY AND PRACTICE Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes. Pre-test. Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: The Management History of an Aircraft Company.. Post-test Skill Practice Exercises: 2.1-Key Term Application 2.2-Learning from Personal Experience: Management Approaches 2.3-A Case Application: The Wearever Incident. Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 3 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ETHICS IN MANAGEM Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes Pre-test. Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: It is Only A "Small" Leak Post-test. Skill Practice Exercises: 3.1-Learning from Observation: Government-Business Interaction... 3.2-A Moral Dilema. 3.3-What Would You Do?. Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 4 DECISION MAKING Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes. Pre-test. Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions. Applied Fill-in Review: A Lecture by an Accomplished Decision Make Post-test Skill Practice Exercises: 4.1-Learning from Personal Experience: Why Did You Do This Exercise?. 4.2-A Nominal Group Application: A Space Design Problem...... 4.3-An Exercise in Creativity.... Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 5 PLANNING CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes. Pre-test. Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: Smith, Weston And Jones- A Marketing Firm Without a Plan Post-test. Skill Practice Exercises: 5.1-Developing a Personal Plan..... 5.2-Planning for Michael Smith.. 5.3-Reviewing a Plan. Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 6 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes Pre-test Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions... Applied Fill-in Review: A Master Strategy for Johnson Building Services. Post-test. Skill Practice Exercises: 6.1-Indicators of Megatrends. 6.2-Starting Your Own Business..... 6.3-Baking Soda and Coca Cola. Answer Sheet CHAPTER 7 TACTICAL AND OPERATIONAL PLANNING Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes... Pre-test. Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: The Andrew Corporation.. Post-test. Skill Practice Exercises: 7.1-Key Term Application.. 7.2-Learning from Personal Experience: Tactical Planning at Work..... 7.3-A Case Application: The Theodore Incident... Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 8 BRINGING TOGETHER PEOPLE AND RESOURCES Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes. Pre-test. Chapter Overview. Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: Organization Issues at Grace Enterprises. Post-test. Skill Practice Exercises: 8.1-Learning from Personal Experience: The Organization of Work...... 8.2-A Case Application: The Chute Corporation.. 8.3-A Concept Application: Miller Enterprises.. Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 9 ORGANIZATIONS IN TRANSITION: STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes. Pre-test. Chapter Overview.... Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: Organization at the Kelly Services Group. Post-test.... Skill Practice Exercises: 9.1-Key Term Application. 9.2-Learning from Personal Experience: The Company Interview. 9.3-A Concept Application: Functional Versus Product Departmentalization.... Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 10 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives. Class Notes Pre-test...... Chapter Overview. Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: Effective Organization Post-test Skill Practice Exercises: 10.1-Application of Key Terms... 10.2-A Concept Application: Power in Action.... 10.3-A Case Application: School Daze Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 11 EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION OF JOBS AND GROUPS Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes. Pre-test. Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions...... Applied Fill-in Review: The Cape Ann Corporation... Post-test. Skill Practice Exercises: 11.1-A Concept Application: Group Memberships.. 11.2-Learning from Personal Experience: Analyzing Your Job 11.3-The Organizational Consultant Answer Sheet. RESOURCES Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes Pre-test....... Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: One Company's Employment Problem Post-test........ Skill Practice Exercises: 12.1-Key Term Application... 12.2-Learning from Personal Experience: Evaluation at Work. 12.3-Developing an Orientation Checklist Answer Sheet CHAPTER 13 MOTIVATION: PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH PEOPLE Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives. Class Notes Pre-test..... Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: The New Supervisor Post-test.... Skill Practice Exercises: 13.1-Maslow's Motives 13.2-Learning from Personal Experience: Your Personal Motivation Theory 13.3-A Case Application: Barry's Story. Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 14 LEADERSHIP: INAIUENCING BEHAVIOR FOR EXCELLENC Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives. Class Notes. Pre-test. Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: A Confidential Discussion of Leadership Post-test. Skill Practice Exercises: 14.1-Evaluating Leadership Traits 14.2-Leadership: An Historical Perspective 14.3-Leadership: A Personal Perspective.. Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 15 TOWARD MORE EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes. Pre-test. Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: Corporate Communication Post-test. Skill Practice Exercises: 15.1-Listening Self-Assessment: Your Personal Listening Profile. 15.2-Learning from Personal Experience: Your Management Class 15.3-Separating Facts from Inferences. Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 16 THE CONTROLLING FUNCTION Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives. Class Notes Pre-test. Chapter Overview. Key Terms with Definitions... Applied Fill-in Review: A Company in Control. Post-test..... Skill Practice Exercises: 16.1-Application of Key Concepts: Identifying Types of Control 16.2-Observing the Control Process.. 16.3-A Case Application-Controlling the Utility Workers.... Answer Sheet.. CHAPTER 17 PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT CONTROL Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes. Pre-test. Chapter Overview. Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: The Control Challenge Post-test. Skill Practice Exercises: 17.1-Key Term Application. 17.2-Observing Local Operations. 17.3-The Telemarketing Lab. Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 18 INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes Pre-test. Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: Thoughts on Information Systems Post-test..... Skill Practice Exercises: 18.1-Observing Management Information Systems.... 18.2-You Are the New Marketing Manager.. 18.3-Information for a Trip to the Hanover Institute...... Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 19 PERSPECTIVE ON CHANGE, CONFLICT, AND STRESS Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes Pre-test...... Chapter Overview.... Key Terms with Definitions.. Applied Fill-in Review: Life in the Change Lane... Post-test.... Skill Practice Exercises: 19.1-A Case Application: The Currier Insurance Group... 19.2-Observing Stress... 19.3-Planning Change...... Answer Sheet CHAPTER 20 INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives...... Class Notes....... Pre-test.... Chapter Overview Key Terms with Definitions Applied Fill-in Review: Growing Internationally Post-test.. Skill Practice Exercises: 20.1-Adapting to Different Cultures. 20.2-A Multi-National Company Review 20.3-A Case Application: Solid Waste Ltd. Answer Sheet. CHAPTER 21 ENTREPRENEURSHIP Chapter Outline with Learning Objectives Class Notes. Pre-test. Chapter Overview.... Key Terms with Definitions... Applied Fill-in Review: Growing Pains. Post-test.... Skill Practice Exercises: 21.1-Key Term Application... 21.2-Getting Started........ 21.3-An Entrepreneurial Self-Evaluation.... Answer Sheet.
FUNDAMENTALS OF BUSINESS LAW
Miller, JENTZ , Roger LeRoy, Gaylord A.
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📖 Contenu
Chapter 1 Sources of Business Law 3 What Is Law? 3 History and Sources of American Law 3 Early Courts of Law 4 Common Law 4 Stare Decisis 4 Constitutional Law 5 Statutory Law 5 Administrative Agencies 5 Sources of American Commercial Law 5 Commercial Law Codification 5 The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) 5 Civil versus Criminal Law 6 Finding Case Law 6 State Court Decisions 6 Federal Court Decisions 8 Old Case Law 8 Analyzing Case Law 8 Case Titles 8 Terminology 11 A Sample Court Case 11 Review of Case 12 The Constitution As It Affects Business 13 The Commerce Clause 13 Business and the Bill of Rights 15 Freedom of Speech 15 Freedom of Religion 17 Chapter Summary: Business Law-Introductory Concepts 19 Questions and Case Problems 20 Chapter 2 Courts and Procedures 21 Jurisdiction 21 Jurisdiction over Persons and Property 21 Jurisdiction over Subject Matter 23 Original and Appellate Jurisdiction 23 Venue 23 The State Court System 23 Trial Courts 24 Courts of Appeals 24 The Federal Court System 25 U.S. District Courts 25 U.S. Courts of Appeals 26 The Supreme Court of the United States 26 Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts and Judicial Review 26 The Constitutional Boundaries of Federal Judicial Power 26 Diversity Jurisdiction 26 Federal Questions 28 Judicial Review 29 How Cases Reach the Supreme Court 29 Following a Case through the State Courts 30 Court Procedure 30 The Pleadings 30 Dismissals and Judgments before Trial 32 Discovery 33 Pretrial Hearing 34 The Right to a Jury Trial 34 Jury Selection 35 At the Trial 35 The Appeal 36 Alternative Dispute Resolution 36 Mediation 37 Arbitration 37 Chapter Summary: Courts and Procedures 39 Questions and Case Problems 41 Torts 43 The Basis of Tort Law 43 Intentional Torts against Persons 43 Assault and Battery 44 False Imprisonment 44 Infliction of Mental Distress 45 Defamation 46 Slander of Title and Defamation by Computer 47 Invasion of the Right to Privacy 48 Misrepresentation (Fraud, Deceit) 48 Intentional Torts against Property 48 Trespass to Land 49 Trespass to Personal Property and Conversion 49 Unintentional Torts (Negligence) 50 Breach of the Duty of Care 50 Damages or Injury 51 Causation 51 Defenses to Negligence 52 Strict Liability 53 Business Torts 53 Wrongful Interference with a Contractual Relationship 53 Wrongful Interference with a Business Relationship 54 Wrongfully Entering into Business 55 Trademarks, Patents, and Copyrights 56 Chapter Summary: Common Torts 60 Questions and Case Problems 61 Chapter 4 Criminal Law 63 What Is a Crime? 63 Classification of Crimes 63 Felonies 63 Misdeneanors and Petty Offenses 62 What Constitutes Criminal Liability ? The Criminal Act 64 Intent to Commit a Crime 64 Defenses to Criminal Liability 65 Infancy 65 Intoxication 65 Insanity 65 Mistake 66 Consent 66 Duress 66 Justifiable Use of Force 66 Entrapment 67 Statute of Limitations 68 Immunity 68 Procedure in Criminal Law 68 Constitutional Safeguards 68 Criminal Process 69 Crimes Affecting Business 69 Forgery Robbery 70 Burglary 70 Larceny 70 Obtaining Goods by False Pretenses 71 Receiving Stolen Goods 71 Embezzlement 71 Arson 71 Mail Fraud 72 White-Collar Crime 72 Computer Crimes 72 Bribery 72 Bankruptcy Fraud 73 Corporate Crime 73 Criminal RICO Violations 73 Chapter Summary: Criminal Law 74 Questions and Case Problems 75 Chapter 5 Contemporary ChallengesEthics, Computer Law, and International Law 77 Ethics in a Business Context 77 Ethics and the Law 77 Ethics in the Workplace 78 Ethics and the Corporation 79 Computers and the Law 81 Computer Crime 81 Detection and Prosecution Problems 82 Theft of Data or Services 82 Software Piracy 83 CONTENTS Protection of Property Rights in Software 83 The Ever-Developing Field 85 International Law 85 Sources of International Law 85 Conflicts between International and National Law 86 Act of State Doctrine 86 Principle of Comity86 Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity 87 Transacting Business Internationally 88 The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 90 Questions and Case Problems 92 Chapter Summary: Ethics, Computer Law, and International Law 91 Contracts 95 Chapter 6 Nature and Classification 97 The Function of Contracts 97 The Basic Requirements of a Contract 98 Definition of a Contract 98 Types of Contracts 98 Bilateral versus Unilateral Contracts 98 Express versus Implied Contracts 99 Quasi-Contracts, or Contracts Implied in Law 101 Formal versus Informal Contracts 103 Executed versus Executory Contracts 103 Valid, Void, Voidable, and Unenforceable Contracts 103 Chapter Summary: Contracts-Definitions 104 Questions and Case Problems 104 Chapter 7 Agreement and Consideration 106 Agreement 106 Requirements of the Offer 107 Intention 107 Definiteness 109 Communication 110 Termination of the Offer 110 Termination by Action of the Parties 110 Termination by Operation of the Law 112 Acceptance 112 Who Can Accept? 113 Unequivocal Acceptance 113 Silence as Acceptance 113 Communication of Acceptance 113 Mode and Timeliness of Acceptance 115 Consideration and Its Requirements 116 Legal Sufficiency 117 Adequacy of Consideration 117 Preexisting Duty 117 Past Consideration 118 Problems Concerning Consideration 119 Uncertain Performance 119 Settlement of Claims 119 Promissory Estoppel 121 Chapter Summary: Agreement and Consideration 1 23 Questions and Case Problems 124 Chapter 8 Capacity and Legality 127 Minors 127 Disaffirmance 127 Ratification 130 Liability for Torts 130 Intoxicated Persons 131 Mentally Incompetent Persons 132 Illegality-Contracts Contrary to Statute 132 Usury 133 Gambling 134 Sabbath Laws 134 Licensing Statutes 134 Illegality-Contracts Contrary to Public Policy 135 Contracts in Restraint of Trade 135 Unconscionable Contracts and Exculpatory Clauses 136 Effect of Illegality 139 Exceptions to the General Rule 139 Chapter Summary: Capacity and Legality 140 Questions and Case Problems 142 Chapter 9 Genuineness of Assent and Form 144 Genuineness of Assent 144 Mistakes 144 Fraudulent Misrepresentation 147 Undue Influence 150 Duress 150 The Statute of Frauds-Requirement of a Writing 151 Contracts Involving Interests in Land 52 The One-Year Rule 153 Collateral Promises 154 Promises Made in Consideration of Marriage 155 Contracts for the Sale of Goods 156 The Statute of FraudsSuffciency of the Writing 156 The Parol Evidence Rule 157 Chapter Summary: Genuineness of Assent and Form 158 Questions and Case Problems 160 Chapter 10 Third-Party Rights and Discharge 162 Assignments and Delegations 162 Assignments 163 Delegations 165 Third-Party Beneficiaries 167 Intended Beneficiaries 168 Incidental Beneficiaries 169 Conditions of Performance 169 Ways to Discharge a Contract 170 Discharge by Performance 170 Discharge by Agreement 174 Discharge by Impossibility of Performance 175 Chapter Summary: Third-Party Rights and Discharge 176 Questions and Case Problems 178 Chapter 11 Breach and Remedies 180 Remedies at Law versus Remedies in Equity 180 Courts of Equity 180 Equitable Principles and Maxims 181 The Merging of Law and Equity 181 Damages 181 Types of Damages 18? Mitigation of Damages 184 Liquidated Damages versus Penalties 185 Rescission and Restitution 186 Specific Performance 186 Reformation 187 Recovery Based on Quasi-Contract 187 Election of Remedies 188 Waiver of Breach 188 Provisions Limiting Remedies 190 The Requirement of Mutual Assent 190 Type of Breach Covered 190 Limited Remedies-UCC 190 Chapter Summary: Breach of Contract and Remedies 192 Questions and Case Problems 1 94 Unit Three Commercial Transactions 197 Chapter 12 Introduction to Sales Contracts 199 The Sale of Goods 199 What Is a Sale? 199 What Are Goods? 200 Who Is a Merchant? 201 The Sales Contract 202 The Offer 202 Acceptance 203 Consideration 207 Statute of Frauds 208 Parol Evidence 210 Unconscionability 213 Chapter Summary: The Formation of Sales Contracts 214 Questions and Case Problems 215 Chapter 13 Title and Risk of Loss 217 Identification 217 Passage of Title 218 Risk of Loss 219 Delivery with Movement of the Goods-CarrierCases 219 Contracts 224 Delivery without Movement of the Goods 220 Sale-on-Approval and Sale-or-Return Buyer's Insurable Interest 226 Risk of Loss in a Breached Sales Contract 224 Insurable Interest 225 Seller's Insurable Interest 226 Bulk Transfers 226 Sales by Nonowners 227 Void Title 227 Voidable Title 227 The Entrustment Rule 227 CONTENTS Chapter Summary: Title and Risk of Loss 228 Questions and Case Problems 229 Chapter 14 Performance and Breach 231 Good Faith and Commercial Reasonableness 231 Performance of a Sales Contract 233 Seller's Obligations 233 Tender of Delivery 233 Place of Delivery 233 The Perfect-Tender Rule 234 Exceptions to the Perfect-Tender Rule 234 Buyer's Obligations 238 Payment 238 Right of Inspection 238 Acceptance 239 Revocation of Acceptance 239 Anticipatory Repudiation 240 Remedies of the Seller 240 The Right to Withhold Delivery 240 The Right to Stop Delivery of Goods in Transit 241 The Right to Reclaim Goods in the Possession of an Insolvent Buyer 241 The Right to Identify and/or Resell Goods after the Buyer's Breach 241 The Right to Recover the Purchase Price Plus Incidental Damages 242 The Right to Recover Damages for the Buyer's Wrongful Repudiation 243 The Right to Cancel the Sales Contract 243 Remedies of the Buyer 243 The Right to Reject Nonconforming or Improperly Delivered Goods 243 The Right to Recover Identified Goods from an Insolvent Seller 244 The Right to Obtain Specific Performance 244 The Right to Replevy Goods 244 The Right to Retain and Enforce a Security Interest in the Goods 244 The Right to Cancel the Contract 245 The Right of Cover 245 The Right to Recover Damages for Nondelivery or Repudiation 245 The Right to Recover Damages for Breach in Regard to Accepted Goods 245 Statute of Limitations 246 Limitation of Remedies 246 Chapter Summary: Performance and Breach 247 Questions and Case Problems 249 Chapter 15 Warranties and Product Liability 251 Warranties of Title 25I Good Title 25I No Liens 251 No Infringements 252 Disclaimer of Title Warranty 252 Express Warranties 252 Basis of the Bargain 253 Statements of Opinion 253 Implied Warranties 254 Implied Warranty of Merchantability 254 Implied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular Purpose 255 Other Implied Warranties 257 Overlapping Warranties 257 Third-Party Beneficiaries of Warranties 257 Warranty Disclaimers 258 Express Warranties 258 Implied Warranties 258 Buyer's Refusal to Inspect 259 Warranty Disclaimers and Unconscionability 259 Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act 260 Lemon Laws 261 Product Liability Based on Negligence 261 Privity of Contract Not Required 263 Misrepresentation 263 The Doctrine of Strict Liability 263 The Restatement of Torts 263 Requirements of Strict Product Liability 265 Liability Sharing 265 Defenses 265 Strict Liability to Bystanders 266 Other Applications of Strict Liability 266 Chapter Summary: Warranties and Product Liability 267 Questions and Case Problems 269 Chapter 16 Commercial Paper-Introduction, Negotiability, and Transferability 271 The Functions of Commercial Paper 271 Types of Commercial Paper 272 Drafts and Checks 272 Promissory Notes and CDs 273 Letters of Credit 274 Other Ways of Classifying Commercial Paper 275 What Is a Negotiable Instrument? 275 Written Form 275 Signatures 276 Unconditional Promise or Order to Pay 277 Sum Certain in Money 279 Payable on Demand or at a Definite Time 279 Payable to Order or to Bearer 281 Factors Not Affecting Negotiability 282 Transfer by Assignment or Negotiation 283 Transfer by Assignment 283 Transfer by Negotiation 283 Indorsements 285 Types of Indorsements 285 Unauthorized Signatures 288 Unauthorized Indorsements 288 Correction of Name 289 Chapter Summary: Commercial Paper-Basic Concepts, Negotiability, and Transferability 290 Ouestions and Case Problems 293 Chapter 17 Commercial Paper-Holder in Due Course, Liability, and Defenses 295 Holder versus Holder in Due Course (HDC) 295 Requirements for HDC Status 296 Taking for Value 296 Taking in Good Faith 297 Taking without Notice 298 Payee as an HDC 299 Holder through an HDC 300 Limitations on the Shelter Principle 300 Signature Liability of Parties to Commercial Paper 300 Agents' Signatures 301 Signature Liability 302 Warranty Liability of Parties 305 Transfer Warranties 306 Presentment Warranties 306 Defenses 306 Real Defenses 306 Personal Defenses 309 The FTC Rule of 1976 311 Discharge 311 Chapter Summary: Holder in Due Course, Liability, and Defenses 312 Questions and Case Problemns 314 Chapter 18 Commercial Paper--CheckS and the Banking System 316 Checks 316 Cashier 's Check 316 Traveler 's Check 316 Certified Check 317 Bank-Customer Relationship 319 Honoring Checks 319 Stale Checks 320 Missing ndorsements 320 Death or Incompetence of a Customer 320 Stop-Payment Orders 320 Overdrafts 322 Payment on Forged Signature of Drawer 322 Payment on Forged Indorsement 324 Payment on Altered Check 325 Bank's Duty to Accept Deposits 326 The Collection Process 326 CONTENTS Expedited Funds Availability Act 327 Electronic Fund Transfer Systems 329 Automated Teller Machines 329 Point-of-Sale Systems 329 Direct Deposits and Withdrawals 330 Pay-by-Telephone Systems 330 Consumer Transfers: The Electronic Fund Transfer Rights and Liabilities under the EFTA 330 Unauthorized Transfers 331 Error Resolution and Damages 333 Commercial Wire Transfers 334 Chapter Summary: Checks and the Banking System 334 Questions and Case Problems 337 Chapter 19 Secured Transactions 339 Article 9 of the UCC 339 The Terminology of Secured Transactions 340 Creating a Security Interest 340 Written Security Agreement 340 Secured Party Must Give Value 340 Debtor's Rights in Collateral 340 Purchase Money Security Interest 341 Perfecting a Security Interest 342 Methods of Perfection 342 CONTENTS The Scope of a Security Interest 345 Proceeds 345 After-Acquired Property 347 Future Advances 348 The Floating-Lien Concept 348 Collateral Moved to Another Jurisdiction 348 Effective Time of Perfection 349 Priorities 349 Rights and Duties of Debtor and Creditor 350 Information Request by Creditors 350 Assignment, Amendment, and Release 351 Reasonable Care of Collateral 351 The Status of the Debt 351 Default 351 Basic Remedies 352 Secured Party's Right to Take Possession 352 Disposition of Collateral 353 Termination 355 Chapter Summary: Secured Transactions 355 Questions and Case Problems 358 Chapter 20 Creditors' Rights and Bankruptcy 360 Laws Assisting Creditors 360 Mechanic's Lien on Real Property 360 Artisan 's and Innkeeper's Liens on Personal Property 360 Writ of Execution 362 Attachment 362 Garnishment 362 Creditors' Composition Agreements 363 Suretyship and Guaranty 363 Foreclosure 365 Protection for DebtorsExemptions 365 Laws Providing Special Protection for Consumer- Debtors 366 Consumer Credit Protection Act (CCPA) 366 Uniformn Consumer Credit Code (UCCC) 366 Federal Trade Commission Rule-Holder in Due Course (HDC) 366 Bankruptcy and Reorganization 367 Chapter 7 Liquidations 367 Filing the Petition 367 Automatic Stay 369 The Trustee 370 Creditors' Meeting 370 Property of the Estate 370 Exemptions 371 Trustee 's Powers 371 Claims of Creditors 373 Property Distribution 374 Discharge 374 Chapter 11 Reorganizations 376 Debtor-in-Possession 378 Creditors Committees 378 Filing the Plan 378 Contents of Plan 378 Acceptance of Plan 378 Confirmation of Plan 378 Chapter 13 Plans 379 Filing the Petition 379 Automatic Stay 379 Filing the Plan 379 Contents of Plan 379 Confirmation of Plan 380 Objection to Plan 380 Modification of Plan 380 Denial or Loss of Discharge 380 Chapter 12 Plans 380 Chapter Summary: Creditors' Rights and Bankruptcy 381 Questions and Case Problems 384 Chapter 21 Agency 389 The Nature of Agency 389 Types of Agency Relationships 389 Principal-Agent 390 Employer-Employee 390 Principal/Employer-Independent Contractor 390 Formation of Agency Relationships 392 Agency by Agreement 392 Agency by Ratification 393 Agency by Estoppel 393 Agency by Operation of Law 393 Duties of Agents and Principals 393 Agent's Duties to Principal 394 Principal's Duties to Agent 395 Rights and Remedies in Agency Relationships 397 Scope of Agent's Authority 397 Express Authority 397 Implied Authority 400 Apparent Authority and Estoppel 400 Ratification 402 Liability for Contracts 403 Liability for Agent's Torts 404 The Doctrine of Respondent Superior 404 Misrepresentation 405 Liability for Independent Contractor' s Torts 405 Liability for Agent's Crimes 405 Termination of Agency 406 Termination by Act of the Parties 406 Termination by Operation of Law 407 Notice of Termination Required 408 Chapter Summary: Agency 408 Questions and Case Problems 411 Chapter 22 Sole Proprietorships and Partnerships 413 Sole Proprietorships 414 Partnerships 414 Partnership Characteristics 414 Partnership Formation 415 Formalities of Partnership Formation 415 Partnership Duration 415 The Corporation as Partner 418 Indications of Partnership 418 Partnership by Estoppel 418 Rights among Partners 419 Management of Partnership 420 Interest in Partnership 420 Compensation from Partnership 420 Inspection of Partnership Books 421 Accounting of Partnership Assets 421 Property Rights in Partnership 421 Duties and Powers of Partners 422 Fiduciary Duty 422 General Agency Powers 422 Partnership Termination 425 Dissolution by Acts of Partners 426 Dissolution by Operation of Law 426 Dissolution by Judicial Decree 426 Notice of Dissolution 427 Winding Up and Distribution of Assets 428 Limited Partnerships 428 Formation of a Limited Partnership 428 Rights and Liabilities of Limited Partners 428 Dissolution of 2 Lmited Partnership 432 Chapter Summary Sole Proprnetorships and Partnerships 433 Question and Case Problems 433 Chapter 23 Corporations-Nature, Classification. and Formation 435 The Corporation--A Brief History 435 Nature of the Corporation 436 The Corporation as 2 Legal Person" 436 Characteristics of the Corporate Entity 436 Partnerships and Corporations-A Comparison 437 Classification of Corporations 437 Domestic, Foreign, and Alien Corporations 437 Public and Private Corporations 438 Nonprofit Corporations 438 CONTENTS Close Corporations 440 S Corporations 442 Professional Corporations 443 Formation of Corporations-Promoters' Activities 444 Promoter's Liability 444 Subscribers and Subscriptions 445 Incorporation 445 Procedures and Requirements 445 Corporate Status 448 Disregarding the Corporate Entity 449 Chapter Summary: Corporations-Nature, Classification, and Formation 450 Questions and Case Problems 451 Corporations Corporate Powers and Chapter 24 Management 454 Corporate Powers 454 Express Powers 454 Implied Powers 454 Ulra Vires Doctrine 455 Judicial Treatment of Ultra Vires Contracts 456 Torts and Criminal Acts 456 Corporate Management-Shareholders 457 Shareholders' Powers 457 Relationship between Shareholders Corporation 458 Shareholders' Forum 458 Corporate Management-Directors 461 Directors' Election and Term of Office 461 Directors' Qualifications and Compensation 462 Directors' Management Responsibilities 462 Board of Directors' Forum 462 Delegation of Board of Directors' Powers 462 Chapter Summary: Corporate Powers Management 463 Questions and Case Problems 464 Chapter 25 CorporationsRights and Duties of Corporate Personnel 467 Role of Officers and Directors 467 Duty of Care 467 Duty of Loyalty 469 Conflicts of Interest 470 The Business Judgment Rule 471 Rights of Directors 471 Participation 471 Inspection 471 Indemnification 471 Compensation 472 Rights of Officers and Management Employees 472 Rights of Shareholders 472 Stock Certificates 472 Preemptive Rights 472 Stock Warrants 473 Dividends 473 Voting Rights 475 Inspection Rights 475 Transfer of Shares 476 Rights on Dissolution 477 Liabilities of Shareholders 477 Stock Subscriptions 477 Watered Stock 477 Duties of Major Shareholders 478 Chapter Summary: Rights and Duties of Corporate Personnel 478 Questions and Case Problems 480 Chapter 26 Corporations-Merger, Consolidation, and Termination 483 Merger and Consolidation 483 Merger 483 Consolidation 484 Results of Merger or Consolidation 485 Procedure for Merger or Consolidation 485 Short-Form Merger Statutes (Parent-Subsidiary Mergers) 485 Appraisal Rights 486 Shareholder Approval 487 Purchase of Assets 488 Purchase of Stock 488 Termination 490 Process of Liquidation 490 Involuntary Dissolution 490 Chapter Summary: Corporations-Merger, Consolidation, and Termination 491 Questions and Case Problems 493 Chapter 27 Corporations-Financing and Regulation 495 Corporate Financing 495 Bonds 495 Stocks 496 Securities and Exchange Commission 498 Securities Act of 1933 500 Definition of a Security 500 Registration Statement 500 Exemptions 501 Additional Exempt Securities 502 Securities Exchange Act of 1934 504 Insider Trading 504 Disclosure under Rule 10b-5 506 Insider Reporting and Trading-Section 16(b) 509 The Insider Trading Sanctions Act of 1984 510 Proxy Statements 511 Regulation of Investment Companies 511 Regulation of Mutual Funds 512 The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 512 State Securities Laws 512 Chapter Summary: Corporations-Financing Regulation 513 Questions and Case Problems 515 Chapter 28 Personal Property and Bailments 519 The Nature of Personal Property 519 Property Ownership 520 Fee Simple 520 Concurrent Ownership 520 Acquiring Ownership of Personal Property 520 Possession 520 Purchase or Production 521 Gifts 521 Gifts Inter Vivos and Gifts Causa Mortis 522 Will or Inheritance 522 Accession 522 Confusion 523 Mislaid, Lost, and Abandoned Property 523 Mislaid Property 523 Lost Property 523 Abandoned Property 524 Bailments 525 Elements of a Bailment 525 Ordinary Bailments 526 Special Bailments 529 Chapter Summary: Personal Property and Bailments 533 Questions and Case Problems 535 Chapter 29 Real Property 537 The Nature of Real Property S37 Land 537 Subsurface and Air Rights S37 Separation of Surface and Subsurface Rights S38 Plant Life and Vegetation S38 Fixtures S38 Estates in Land S39 Freehold Estates $39 Nonfrechold Estates S40 Chapter 29 Real Property 537 The Nature of Real Property 537 Land 537 Subsurface and Air Rights 537 Separation of Surface and Subsurface Rights 538 Plant Life and Vegetation 538 Fixtures 538 Estates in Land 539 Freehold Estates 539 Nonfreehold Estates 540 Landlord-Tenant Relationship 541 Rights and Duties 542 Transferring Rights to Leased Property 544 Transfer of Ownership 544 Transfer by Inheritance or Will 544 Eminent Domain 544 Adverse Possession 545 Conveyance by Deed 546 Future Interests 546 Reversionary Interests 546 Remainders and Executory Interests 547 Nonpossessory Interests 547 Easements and Profits 547 Licenses 548 Chapter Summary: Real Property 549 Questions and Case Problems 550
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
SINGER , Marc G.
📚 Exemplaires
📖 Contenu
Questions à réviser et à discuter Nombre d'employés Analyse du modèle ARDM et de son application Cas d'application L'approche de Best Buy en matière d'externalisation Comment l'égalité des chances en matière d'emploi a-t-elle émergé ? 68 Égalité des chances en matière d'emploi : Aspects juridiques des ressources humaines Valeurs sociétales et égalité des chances en matière d'emploi Le gouvernement Situation économique des minorités : avant 1964 Lois sur l'égalité des chances en matière d'emploi : Contenu Interprétations judiciaires Titre VII de la loi de 1964 sur les droits civiques Titre VII et harcèlement sexuel Titre VII et discrimination liée à la grossesse Titre VII et minorités religieuses Titre VII et règles « anglais seulement » Loi sur les droits civiques de 1991 Décret exécutif 11246 (1965) Loi sur l'égalité salariale de 1963-1976 Américains handicapés Loi de 1990 (ADA) Lois de l'État 7963 Application de la loi Commission pour l'égalité des chances en matière d'emploiLes Corts Action positive dans les organisations Qu’est-ce que la discrimination positive ? Plans d'action positive volontaires 82 Plans d'action positive non volontaires Loi de 19e édition sur la discrimination fondée sur l'âge en matière d'emploi Mise à jour sur l'action positive Conseiller juridique en gestion des ressources humaines Analyse du modèle diagnostique et de ses Cas d'application 3-196 Relever le défi du harcèlement sexuel 93 Gestion globale des ressources humaines Une perspective mondiale La nature culturelle de la GRH mondiale Le concept d’« adéquation » dans la GRH mondiale l01 Sociétés multinationales et mondiales Le manager expatrié dans la multinationale Sélection du manager expatrié 103 Choc culturel et manager expatrié Formation du responsable expatrié Rémunération du cadre expatrié 109 Les ressortissants du pays hôte et le monde Corporation Note sur les conseils d'administration des entreprises mondiales 111 administrateurs Le climat juridique et éthique de la mondialisation Résumé Relations de travail et international Questions de révision et de discussion Conseiller juridique en gestion des ressources humaines Développement des gestionnaires mondiaux Cas d'application Éviter les erreurs coûteuses en matière de GRH internationale Résoudre le dilemme du travail dans une coentreprise Toyota en France : un choc des cultures ? Southwest Airlines : Concurren par le biais de People ACQUISITION DE RESSOURCES HUMAINES 127 Planification des ressources humaines et alignement 128 Planification des ressources humaines 129 Planification stratégique et des ressources humaines 130 Le processus de planification des ressources humainesn 131 Analyse de la situation et environnement Numérisation 131 Prévision de la demande d'employés 131 Analyse de l'offre actuelle de main-d'œuvre Décisions d'action en matière de ressources humaines Systèmes d'information sur les ressources humaines 139 Employés « Confidentialité, vol d'identité et SIRH 14) Questions à réviser et à discuter Conseiller juridique en gestion des ressources humaines Cas d'application Planification des ressources humaines et ressources humaines virtuelles Gestion des ressources Analyse et conception des postes de travail Le vocabulaire de l'analyse de poste 152 Les étapes de l'analyse de poste L'utilité de l'analyse de poste L'utilisation des graphiques Observation Qui devrait réaliser l'analyse de poste ? 154 156 entretiens Ouestionnaires Méthodes de collecte de données Journal ou registre du titulaire du poste 159 Quelle méthode utiliser ? 159 Techniques quantitatives spécifiques 160 Analyse fonctionnelle des postes 160 Questionnaire d'analyse de position Description du poste de direction Questionnaire l64 Descriptions et spécifications des postes Ouestions for Review and Discussion HRM Legal Advisor My Carer Audit Application Case The Dual-Career Couple Hot Jobs.com 479 LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS AND PROMOTING SAFETY AND Labor Relations and Collective Early Collective Action and Union Formation 486 Labor Legislation Overview 486 National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) 487 Labor Management Relations Act (Taf-Hartley Act) 488 Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosre Act (Landrum-Griffin Act) 488 Structure and Management of Unions 489 Federation of Unions Intermediate Union Bodies 489 National Unions Local Unions The Union Organizing Campaign Union Security Certification 490 Authorization Card Campaigm and Union Levels of Union Security 491 Right-to-Work Requirements 493 Public Employee ASsociations 493 Background 493 Public Sector Labor Legislation 493 Collective Bargaining 494 Prenegotiation 495 Selecting the Negotiators 495 Developing a Bargaining Strategy Rexckinga Formal C Contractual. Agreement 497 Contract Ratification 498 FRailure to Reach Agreement 498 ermanent Replacements S00 Third Pury Intervention Lockouts Administering the Contract 501 Arbitration The Changing Climate of Unionization in the United States S03 Union Membership Thends 504 Globel Unionization Union Organizing Thends 506 Questions for Review and Discussion 509 HRM Legal Advisor 509 Reporting on Labor Unions 512 Union Management Contract Negotiation S12 Application Case 15-1 The Union s Demand for Recognition and Bargaining Rights 515 Managing Employee Discipline 518 Categories of Dificult Employees 520 Category l: Inefective Enplovees 521 Category 2: Alcoholic and Substance-Abusing Category 3: Purticipants in Theft, Fruud, and Other Category 4: Rule Violators S29 The Discipline Process 531 Approaches to Discipline 532 The Hot Stove Rule 532 Progressive Discipline 533 Paxitive Diseipline 334 The Disciplinary Interview: A Constructive Legal Challenges to Discipline and Emploi à volonté 536 Règlement alternatif des différends Questions de révision et de discussion 540 Conseiller juridique en GRH 540 Prendre des décisions difficiles 543 Cas d'application 16-1 Arguments pour et contre le dépistage de drogues 544 Promotion de la sécurité et de la santé 546 Causes des accidents du travail et Ilinesses 550 Qui est impliqué dans la sécurité et la santé ? 552 Réponses gouvernementales en matière de sécurité et de santé Normes de sécurité OSHA 555 Inspections OSHA 555 Tenue de registres et rapports de l'OSHA 556 Réponses organisationnelles à la sécurité et à la santé Conception de sécurité et approches préventives 558 Inspection, signalement et accident Programmes de formation et de motivation en matière de sécurité 559 Programmes de santé préventive : un programme de bien-être Approche 559 Questions de sécurité et de santé 562 Gestion du stress 562