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CONTENTS PREFACE Chapter 1 THE TEACHER AND THE TEACHING PROFESSION On Personal Qualities On Professional Qualities The Effective Teacher Professional Ethics and the Teacher The Teachers' Pedagogic Creed What the School Is? The Subject Matter ofEducation The Nature of Strategy The School and Social Progress Teacher's Code ofProfessional Ethics The Filipino Teacher as a Professional What is Functional Literacy? What do we Mean by an Overcrowded Curriculum Summary of the Philosophy of 2002 Curriculum... Objectives ofthe Restructured Curiculum. Basic Features ofthe Restructured Curriculum Objectives ofElementary Education (The Education Act of 1982) Objectives of the Elementary Curriculum Sample Report Card Marking for the Character Traits Evaluation Instrument for Teaching Competencies Study Guide 2 TEACHING AND LEARNING The Teachers The Learner The Instructional Methods The Curriculum The Classroom. The School Administration Educational Media Used in the Classroom Three Dimensional Instructional Media Advantages of Radio as an Instructional Tool Recordings Computers in Education PRRNCIPLES ANOMETHOOSOFTEAC Essential Factures of a Computer Functions of a Computer Functions of a Personal Computer (PC) Desk Top Computers Hardware Care and Maintenance The Software and Its Characteristics General Purpose of Software CAL Software Software Selection Study Guide 3 PRINCIPLESAND METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING ANDLEARNNG Principles of Teaching Postulated by Various Authors Definition of Learning Nature of Learning Theories of Leaning Behavioral Theories of Learning BE. Skinner Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning Theories as Applied to Classroom Teaching Social Learning Theory.... Characteristics of Social Learning Theory Field Theory The Learning Process The Sequence of Information Processing (Slavin) Information Processing Theories as Applied to Classroom Teaching. Cummulative Learning Theory Cummulative Learning Theory as Applied to Classroom Teaching. Meaningful Learning Theory Other Related Views of Learning Meaningful Learning Theory as Applied to Classroom Teaching. Conditions for Learning. Principles of Motivation as Applied to Classroom Teaching Conditions That Cause Forgetting Characteristics of Learning.. Factors that Contribute to Learning Studying Techniques to Improve Performance. Thinking Thinking as a Process Remembering... Thoughts, Consciousness and Memory Memory-Roles of Synaptic Facilitation and Synaptic Inhibition Principles of Learning Principles of Motivation Conditions that Facilitate the Teaching-Learning Process Methods of Teaching Cognitive Learning.. Learning How to Learn. Identifying Effective Teaching Functions of Teaching Other Types of Learning Laws of Learning Other Laws of Learning with Pedagogical Relevance Contemporary Educational Theories John Dewey's Educational Philosophy The Basic Principle of Today's Teaching. Learning and Educational Cycle Study Guide. 4 INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING Nature.. Definition Mental vs. Formal Planning Course Plans: Mapping Guidelines for Mapping Principles Components Importance of Instructional Planning Unit Plan ....... Components of Unit Plan Evaluation Procedures Theory into Practice Guidelines for Developing Unit Plans Approaches to Unit Planning Unit Plan for Philippine History and Government.. The Lesson Plan Lesson Plan Defined Components of the Lesson Plan Creativity Lesson Plan Mastery Learning Lesson Plan Inquiry Discovery Lesson Plan How to Improve Lesson Plan Taxonomy of Educational Objectives Cognitive Domain Affective Domain Psychomotor Domain Guidelines for Implementing Lesson Plans. Questions to Consider to Avoid Common Mistakes in Lesson Planning Study Guide. 5 DIFFERENT TYPES OF LESSONS. The Development Lesson The Supervised Study Lesson Importance of Supervised Study Types of Supervised Study Lessons The Appreciation Lesson Purposes of Review. Types of Review Review Techniques Principles of a Review Lesson The Drill Lesson Characteristics of a Good Drill Principles of Drill Activity The Application Lesson Study Guide 0 METHODS OF TEACHING The Foundations of Contemporary Teaching Methods The Inductive Method The Deductive Method The Project Method Distinction Between Project and Problem Classification of Projects The Laboratory Method Type of Laboratory Method Steps in Laboratory Method The Morrisonian Technique/Unit Method. The Expository Method Steps in the Expository Method Steps of the Unit Method The Problem Method Steps of the Problem Method The Demonstration Method. The Lecture Method... Metacognition Teaching Method Study Guide PRINCIPLES ANDMETHODS OFTEA 7 TEACHING APPROACHES/STRATEGIES AND INSTRUCTIONALPRACTICES The Conceptual Approach Multi-Disciplinary Approach Intra-Disciplinary Approach Team Teaching The Role Playing Approach. Experimental Approach Cooperative Learning Approach Programmed Instruction The Inquiry Approach Principles Underlying the Inquiry Approach The Teacher's Role Round Table Conference Panel Discussion Symposium Forum Debate Forum The Workshop Educational Field Trip Integrative Teaching Integrative Activities Some Modes of Integrative Teaching Thematic Teaching Maintaining Communication Among all Partners Learner Apprenticeship Personalized Teaching Mastery Learning The Lecture Classroom Demonstration Community-Based Activities Refiective Teaching. The Seminar Learning Module as Instructional Materials The Philosophy and Rationale of Learning Module. Criteria of a Good Instructional Module Components of a Learning Module Study Guide 8 AIDS TO FACILITATE EFFECTIVE TEACHING ..... The Recitation Characteristics of a Good Recitation Factors that Influence an Effective Recitation Dont's in Conducting Recitation. The Socialized Recitation The Art of Questioning. Types of Questions. Descriptive Categories of Questions. Uses of Questions Qualify Your Answer .... Characteristics of a Good Question Suggested Techniques of Questioning.. The Assignment PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TE Functions of the Assignment Characteristics of a Good Assignment Pointers to Consider when Giving Assignments Study Guide 9 CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT - Approaches to Classroom Management Business-Academic Approach Clear Communication of Assignments and Work Requirements Monitoring Pupil/Student Work Feedback to Learners The Behavior Modification Approach Group Managerial Approach Characteristics of Classroom Management Key Questions About Classroom Climate Classroom Routine Classroom Discipline -Common Types of Disciplinary Problems Causes of Disciplinary Problems How can Classroom Discipline be Improved? Study Guide 10 EVALUATING INSTRUCTIONAL AND LEARNING OUTCOMES Importance of Evaluation Characteristics of an Evaluation Program Principles of Evaluation Types of Evaluation Instruments of Measurement and Evaluation Purposes of Tests in Education Criteria for Selecting Tests Factors Affecting Usability Types of Tests Distinction between Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Test General Principles in Test Construction Types of Standardized Tests Guidelines for Writing Completion Questions Guidelines for Writing True-False Questions Guidelines for Writing Matching Questions Guidelines for Writing Multiple-Choice Questions Guidelines for Writing Discussion Questions. Guidelines for Writing Essay Questions Tips for Teachers Returning Tests and Feedback Grading and Reporting Learner's Progress Study Guide APPENDICES Appendix A Samples of Different I Lesson Plans Appendix B An Example of Seminar-Workshop Appendix C "The Best Teacher I Ever Had" BIBLIOGRAPHY GLOSSARY

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1 Introduction 2 Objectives of education 3 Objectives of teaching 4 Objectives of examination 5 The fundamentals 6 Basicrequirements 7 The development 8 Measurement of learning 9 Evaluation methods-1 10 Evaluation methods-2 11 Achievement tests 12 Common tests 13 The diagnosis 14 Various approaches 15 Various techniques 16 Different tools 17 Good tools 18 National policy on examination

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DEDICATION FOREWORD Secretary, Department of Education Chairman, Commission on Higher Education MESSAGE Undersecretary for Programs and Projects ACKNOWLEDGMENT Part 1 - THE EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING COURSES (ELC) FRAMEWORK Introduction Basic References for ELC The Teacher Education and Development Map National Competency-Based Teacher Standards CMO No. 30 Series 2004 (Revised Policies and Standards for Undergraduate Teacher Education Curriculum) DepEd Order No. 3 s. 2007 Joint CHED and DepEd Order (Guidelines in the Deployment of Pre-Service Teachers on Experiential Learning: Field Study and Practice Teaching) Part II - FIELD STUDY COURSES Introduction Guidelines for Field Study Students Field Study 1 – The Learner's Development and Environment Course Syllabus Self-Rating Competency Checklist for Student Competency Checklist for FS1 (For Faculty) School Campus and Community Visit Your Observation Report School Facilities Checklist Observation Guide: Classroom Sample Portfolio Format in Field Study Course Suggested Rubric for FS Portfolio Field Study 2 - Experiencing the Teaching - Learning Process Course Syllabus Self-Rating Competency Checklist for Student Activity Sheet No. la Activity Sheet No. lb Activity Sheet No. 2 Activity Sheet No. 3 Field Study 3 - Technology in the Learning Environment Course Syllabus Self-Rating Competency Checklist (For Students) Competency Checklist for Faculty Field Study 4 – Exploring the Curriculum Course Syllabus Field Study 5 – Learning Assessment Strategies Course Syllabus Form 1 - Documenting and Assessing Student Progress Form 2- Assessing Student Activities: Product vs. Process Form 3- Portfolio Assessment Form 4- For Student and Faculty Form 5 - Teacher Reflection Form 6 - Student Reflection Field Study 6 – On Becoming a Teacher Course Syllabus Guide Questions to FS 6 Part III - PRACTICE TEACHING Introduction Matching the NCBTS Domains and the Competency Standards (CMO # 30, S. 2004) Syllabus on Practice Teaching The Teacher Education and Development Program The Mentoring Spirit Sample Guide for Journal Writing Sample Rubric for Reflection/Journal Entries Pre-Service Teacher's Actual Teaching Checklist A Reflective Process Framework Rubric for Practice Teaching Portfolio Summary Sheet Sample of a Holistic Scoring Rubric for Practice Teaching Portfolios Prototype Certificate 1- Completion of Student Teaching Prototype Certificate 2- Completion and Proficiency in Experiential Learning Courses

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A Notc to the Student iv Part 1 'J'hc Contcrnporary World 1 Map 1 World Political Boundaries 2 Map 2 World Climate Regions 4 Map 3 World Topography 6 Map World Ecological Regions 8 Map 5 World Natural J lazards 10 Map 6 Land Use Patterns of the World 12 Map 7 World Population Density 14 Map 8 World Religions 16 Map 9 World Languages 18 Map 10 World External Migration» in Modern Times 20 Map 11 l Political bundary type 22 Map 13 Federal and unitary states 23 Map 12 POLITICAL SYSTEM MAP 14 sovereign state: duration of Independence 26 Map 15 political realms : regional changes map 16 European Boundaries, 1948 28 Map 17 — Ange of Bipolarity map 18 europe political changes map 19 European Union, 2005 32 Map 20 Geopolitical World at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century 33 Map 21 Middle East: Territorial Changes, 1918-Present 34 Map 22 Africa: Colonialism to Independence, 1910-2002 35 Map 23 South Africa: Black homelands and Post-Apartheid Provinces 36 Map 24 Asia: Colonialisjn to Independence, 1930-2002 37 Map 25 Global Distribution of Minority Groups 38 map 26 Linguistic diversity 39 Map 27 International Conflicts in the Post-World war 11 World 40 Map 28 World Refuges, 2()()5 42 Map 29 Post-Cold War International Alliances 43 Map 30 Flashpoints, 2005 44 Map 31 International Terrorism Incidents, 1998-2003 52 Map 32 The Political Geography of a Global Religion: The Islamic World 54 M ap 33 Nations With Nuclear Weapons 55 Map 34 Size of Armed Forces 56 Map 35 Military Expenditures as a Percentage of Gross National Part Ill The Global Economy 59 Map 36 Membership in the World Trade Organization 60 Map 37 Regional Trade Organizations 61 Map 38 Gross National Income Per Capita 62 Map 39 Relative Wealth of Nations: Purchasing Power Parity 63 Map 40 International Flows of Capital 64 Map 41 Economic Output per Sector 63 Map 42 Employment by Economic Activity 66 Map 43 Central Governmental Expenditures Per Capita 67 Map 44 The Indebtedness of States 68 Map 45 Exports of Primary Products 69 Map 46 Dependence on Trade 70 Part IV Population and Human Development 71 Map 47 Population Growth Rate 72 Map 48 Infant Mortality Rate 73 Map 49 Average Life Expectancy at Birth 74 Map 50 Population by Age Group 75 Map 51 Urban Population 76 Map 52 Illiteracy Rates 77 Map 53 Unemployment in the Labor Force 78 Map 54 The Gender Gap: Inequalities in educational and employment Map 55 Human Rights: Political Map 56 Capital Punishment 81 Map 57 Deployment of Peace Corps Volunteers Map 58 The Index of Human Development 83 Part V Food. Energy, and Materials 84 Map 59 .Production of Staples: Cereals, Roots, and Tubers 85 Map 60 Agricultural Production Per Capita 86 Map 61 Average Daily Per Capita Supply of Calories (Kilocalories) Map 62 Energy Production Per Capita 88 Map 63 Energy Consumption Per Capita 89 Map 64 Energy Dependency 90 Map 65 Flows of Oil 91 map 66 Production of Crucial -Materials 92 Map 68 Consumption of Crucial Materials 93 Map 69 Soil Degradation 96 Map 70 Air and water Quality Map 71 Per Capita Carbon Dioxidc (C02) Emissions 98 Map 72 Potential Global Temperature change 99 Map 73 the loss of Biodiversity: Globally treantened animal species Map 74 the loss of Biodiversity: Globally treantened Plant Species Map 75 Global Hotspots of Biodiversity 102 Map 76 degree of Human Disturbance 108 Part 7 Regions of the World 104 Map 77 North America: Physical Features 105 Map 78 North America: Political Divisions Map 78 North America: Political Divisions 106 Slap 79 North American Land use Map 80 South America:physical Features 108 Map 81 South America: Political Divisions 109 Map 82 South American land use 110 Map 83 Europe: Physical features Map 84 Europe : Political Divisions 112 Map 85 European Lind use Map 86 Asia: Physical features Map 87 Asia: Political ts Map 88 Asian land use Map 89 southwest and central asia: physical features Map 90 southwest and central Asia: Political Divisions 118 Map 91 South and Southeast Asia: Physical features Map 92 South and Southeast Asia: Political Divisions 120 Map 93 North and East Asia: Physical Features Map 94 North and lust Asia: Political divions 122 Map 95 Africa:physical features Map 96 Africa: Political divisions 124 map 97 African land use Map 98 Australia and Oceania: Physic-al Features 126 Map 99 Australia and Oceania: Political Divisions 127 Map 100 Australian and Oceania Land Use 128 Map 101 Pacific rim Map 102 Atlantic ocean Map 103 the indian ocean Map 104 the arctic Map 105 antarctica Tab/eA or-Id Countrics: Area, Population, and Population Density, 2004 134 Table B World Countries: Form of Governrnent, Capital City, Major Languages 13c Tab)c C Defense Expenditures, Armed Forces, Refugees, and the Arms Trade 144 Table D Major Armed Conflicts, 1990-2005 148 Table E World Countries: Basic Economic Indicators, 2003 152 Table F World Countries: Population Growth, 1950-2025 156 table g World Countries:basic demographic data table h World Countries:mortality health and nutrition table i World Countries:education and literacy table j World Countries: agricutltural operations table k land use and deforestation table l World Countries:energy production and use table m World Countries:water ressources table n World Countries: energy effecience and emissions

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A Note to the Student iv Part I The Contemporary World 1 Map 1 World Political Boundaries 2 Map 2 World Climate Regions 4 Map 3 World Topography 6 Map 4 World Ecological Regions 8 Map 5 World Natural Hazards 10 Map 6 Land Use Patterns of the World 12 Map 7 World Population Density 14 Map 8 World Religions 16 Map 9 World Languages 18 Map 10 World External Migrations in Modern Times 20 Part II States: The Geography of Politics and Political Systems 21 Map 11 Political Boundary Types 22 Map 12 Political Systems 24 Map 13 Federal and Unitary States 25 Map 14 Sovereign States: Duration of Independence 26 Map 15 Political Realms: Regional Changes, 1945-2003 27 Map 16 European Boundaries, 1914-1948 28 Map 17 An Age of Bipolarity: The Cold War ca. 1970 30 Map 18 Europe: Political Changes, 1989-2005 31 Map 19 The European Union, 2005 32 Map 20 The Geopolitical World at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century 33 Map 21 The Middle East: Territorial Changes, 1918-Present 34 Map 22 Africa: Colonialism to Independence, 1910-2002 35 Map 23 South Africa: Black Homelands and Post-Apartheid Provinces 36 Map 24 Asia: Colonialism to Independence, 1930-2002 37 Map 25 Global Distribution of Minority Groups 38 Map 26 Linguistic Diversity 39 Map 27 International Conflicts in the Post- World War II World 40 Map 28 World Refuges, 2005 42 Map 29 Post-Cold War International Alliances 43 Map 30 Flashpoints, 2005 44 Map 31 International Terrorism Incidents, 1998-2003 52 Map 32 The Political Geography of a Global Religion: The Islamic World 54 Map 33 Nations With Nuclecar Weapons 55 Map 34 Size of Armed Forces 56 Map 35 Military Expenditures as a Percentage of Gross National Product 58 Part II The Global Economny 59 Map 36 Membership in the World Trade Organization 60 Map 37 Regional Trade Organizations 61 Map 38 Gross National Income Per Capita 62 Map 39 Relative Wealth of Nations: Purchasing Power Parity 63 Map 40 International Flows of Capital 64 Map 41 Economic Output per Sector 65 Map 42 Employment by Economic Activity 66 Map 43 Central Governmental Expenditures Per Capita 67 Map 44 The Indebtedness of States 68 Map 45 Exports of Primary Products 69 Map 46 Dependence on Trade 70 Part IV Population and Human Development 71 Map 47 Population Growth Rate 72 Map 48 Infant Mortality Rate 73 Map 49 Average Life Expectancy at Birth 74 Map 50 Population by Age Group 75 Map 51 Urban Population 76 Map 52 Iliteracy Rates 77 Map 53 Unemployment in the Labor Force 78 Map 54 The Gender Gap: Inequalities in Education and Employment 79 Map 55 Human Rights: Political Rights and Civil Liberties 80 Map 56 Capital Punishment 81 Map 57 Deployment of Peace Corps Volunteers 82 Map 58 The Index of Human Development 83 Part V Food, Energy, and Materials 84 Map 59 Production of Staples: Cereals, Roots, and Tubers 85 Map 60 Agricultural Production Per Capita 86 Map 61 Energy Production Per Capita 88 Map 62 Energy Consumption Per Capita 89 Map 63 Average Daily Per Capita Supply of Calories (Kilocalories) 87 Map 64 Energy Dependency 90 Map 65 Flows of Oil 91 Map 66 Production of Crucial Materials 92 Map 67 Consumption of Crucial Materials 93 Part VI Environmental Conditions 94 Map 68 Deforestation and Desertification 95 Map 69 Soil Degradation 96 Map 70 Air and Water Quality 97 Map 71 Per Capita Carbon Dioxide (CO,) Emissions 9s Map 72 Potential Global Temperature Change 99 Map 73 The Loss of Biodiversity: Globally Threatened Animal Species Map 74 The Loss of Biodiversity: Globally Threatened Plant Species Map 75 Global Hotspots of Biodiversity 102 Map 76 Degree of Human Disturbance 103 Part VIl Regions of the World 104 Map 77 North America: Physical Features 105 Map 78 North America: Political Divisions 106 Map 79 North American Land Use 107 Map 80 South America: Physical Features 108 Map 81 South America: Political Divisions 109 Map 82 South American Land Use 110 Map 83 Europe: Physical Features 111 Map 84 Europe: Political Divisions 112 Map 85 European Land Use 113 Map 86 Asia: Physical Features 114 Map 87 Asia: Political Divisions 115 Map 88 Asian Land Use 116 Map 89 Southwest and Central Asia: Physical Features 117 Map 90 Southwvest and Central Asia: Political Divisions 118 Map 91 South and Southeast Asia: Physical Features 119 Map 92 South and Southeast Asia: Political Divisions 120 Map 93 North and East Asia: Physical Features 121 Map 94 North and East Asia: Political Divisions 122 Map 95 Africa: Physical Features 123 Map 96 Africa: Political Divisions 124 Map 97 African Land Use 125 Map 98 Australia and Oceania: Physical Features 126 Map 99 Australia and Oceania: Political Divisions 127 Map 100 Australian and Oceania Land Use 128 Map 101 The Pacific Rim 129 Map 102 The Atlantic Ocean 130 Map 103 The Indian Ocean 131 Map 104 The Arctic 132 Map 105 Antarctica 132 Part VII World Countries: Data Tables 133 Table A World Countries: Area, Population, and Population Density, 2004 134 Table B World Countries: Form of Government, Capital City, Major Languages 139 Table C Defense Expenditures, Armed Forces, Refugees, and the Arms Trade 144 Table D Major Armed Conflicts, 1990-2005 148 Table E World Countries: Basic Economic Indicators, 2003 152 Table F World Countries: Population Growth, 1950-2025 156 Table G World Countries: Basic Demographic Data, 1990-2003 160 Table H World Countries: Mortality, Health, and Nutrition, 1990-2004 164 Table I World Countries: Education and Literacy, 2000-2002 168 Table J World Countries: Agricultural Operations, 1999-2004 171 Table K Land Use and Deforestation, 1990-2002 175 Table L World Countries: Energy Production and Use, 1990-2002 180 Table M World Countries: Water Resources 183 Table N World Countries: Energy Efficiency and Emissions, 1980-1999 187 Part IX Geographic Index 191

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Part I The Contemporary World 1 Map 1 World Political Boundaries 2 Map 2 World Climate Regions 4 Map 3 World Topography 6 Map 4 World Ecological Regions 8 Map 5 World Natural Hazards 10 Map 6 Land Use Patterns of the World 12 Map 7 World Population Density 14 Map 8 World Religions 16 Map 9 World Languages 18 Map 10 World External Migrations in Modern Times 20 Part II States: The Geography of Politics and Political Systems 21 Map 11 Political Boundary Types 22 Map 12 Political Systems 24 Map 13 Federal and Unitary States 25 Map 14 Sovereign States: Duration of Independence 26 Map 15 Political Realms: Regional Changes, 1945-2003 27 Map 16 European Boundaries, 1914-1948 28 Map 17 An Age of Bipolarity: The Cold War ca. 1970 30 Map 18 Europe: Political Changes, 1989-2005 31 Map 19 The European Union, 2005 32 Map 20 The Geopolitical World at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century 33 Map 21 The Middle East: Territorial Changes, 1918-Present 34 Map 22 Africa: Colonialism to Independence, 1910-2002 35 Map 23 South Africa: Black Homelands and Post-Apartheid Provinces 36 Map 24 Asia: Colonialism to Independence, 1930-2002 37 Map 25 Global Distribution of Minority Groups 38 Map 26 Linguistic Diversity 39 Map 27 International Conflicts in the Post- World War II World 40 Map 28 World Refuges, 2005 42 Map 29 Post-Cold War International Alliances 43 Map 30 Flashpoints, 2005 44 Map 31 International Terrorism Incidents, 1998-2003 52 Map 32 The Political Geography of a Global Religion: The Islamic World 54 Map 33 Nations With Nuclecar Weapons 55 Map 34 Size of Armed Forces 56 Map 35 Military Expenditures as a Percentage of Gross National Product 58 Part II The Global Economny 59 Map 36 Membership in the World Trade Organization 60 Map 37 Regional Trade Organizations 61 Map 38 Gross National Income Per Capita 62 Map 39 Relative Wealth of Nations: Purchasing Power Parity 63 Map 40 International Flows of Capital 64 Map 41 Economic Output per Sector 65 Map 42 Employment by Economic Activity 66 Map 43 Central Governmental Expenditures Per Capita 67 Map 44 The Indebtedness of States 68 Map 45 Exports of Primary Products 69 Map 46 Dependence on Trade 70 Part IV Population and Human Development 71 Map 47 Population Growth Rate 72 Map 48 Infant Mortality Rate 73 Map 49 Average Life Expectancy at Birth 74 Map 50 Population by Age Group 75 Map 51 Urban Population 76 Map 52 Iliteracy Rates 77 Map 53 Unemployment in the Labor Force 78 Map 54 The Gender Gap: Inequalities in Education and Employment 79 Map 55 Human Rights: Political Rights and Civil Liberties 80 Map 56 Capital Punishment 81 Map 57 Deployment of Peace Corps Volunteers 82 Map 58 The Index of Human Development 83 Part V Food, Energy, and Materials 84 Map 59 Production of Staples: Cereals, Roots, and Tubers 85 Map 60 Agricultural Production Per Capita 86 Map 61 Energy Production Per Capita 88 Map 62 Energy Consumption Per Capita 89 Map 63 Average Daily Per Capita Supply of Calories (Kilocalories) 87 Map 64 Energy Dependency 90 Map 65 Flows of Oil 91 Map 66 Production of Crucial Materials 92 Map 67 Consumption of Crucial Materials 93 Part VI Environmental Conditions 94 Map 68 Deforestation and Desertification 95 Map 69 Soil Degradation 96 Map 70 Air and Water Quality 97 Map 71 Per Capita Carbon Dioxide (CO,) Emissions 9s Map 72 Potential Global Temperature Change 99 Map 73 The Loss of Biodiversity: Globally Threatened Animal Species Map 74 The Loss of Biodiversity: Globally Threatened Plant Species Map 75 Global Hotspots of Biodiversity 102 Map 76 Degree of Human Disturbance 103 Part VIl Regions of the World 104 Map 77 North America: Physical Features 105 Map 78 North America: Political Divisions 106 Map 79 North American Land Use 107 Map 80 South America: Physical Features 108 Map 81 South America: Political Divisions 109 Map 82 South American Land Use 110 Map 83 Europe: Physical Features 111 Map 84 Europe: Political Divisions 112 Map 85 European Land Use 113 Map 86 Asia: Physical Features 114 Map 87 Asia: Political Divisions 115 Map 88 Asian Land Use 116 Map 89 Southwest and Central Asia: Physical Features 117 Map 90 Southwvest and Central Asia: Political Divisions 118 Map 91 South and Southeast Asia: Physical Features 119 Map 92 South and Southeast Asia: Political Divisions 120 Map 93 North and East Asia: Physical Features 121 Map 94 North and East Asia: Political Divisions 122 Map 95 Africa: Physical Features 123 Map 96 Africa: Political Divisions 124 Map 97 African Land Use 125 Map 98 Australia and Oceania: Physical Features 126 Map 99 Australia and Oceania: Political Divisions 127 Map 100 Australian and Oceania Land Use 128 Map 101 The Pacific Rim 129 Map 102 The Atlantic Ocean 130 Map 103 The Indian Ocean 131 Map 104 The Arctic 132 Map 105 Antarctica 132 Part VII World Countries: Data Tables 133 Table A World Countries: Area, Population, and Population Density, 2004 134 Table B World Countries: Form of Government, Capital City, Major Languages 139 Table C Defense Expenditures, Armed Forces, Refugees, and the Arms Trade 144 Table D Major Armed Conflicts, 1990-2005 148 Table E World Countries: Basic Economic Indicators, 2003 152 Table F World Countries: Population Growth, 1950-2025 156 Table G World Countries: Basic Demographic Data, 1990-2003 160 Table H World Countries: Mortality, Health, and Nutrition, 1990-2004 164 Table I World Countries: Education and Literacy, 2000-2002 168 Table J World Countries: Agricultural Operations, 1999-2004 171 Table K Land Use and Deforestation, 1990-2002 175 Table L World Countries: Energy Production and Use, 1990-2002 180 Table M World Countries: Water Resources 183 Table N World Countries: Energy Efficiency and Emissions, 1980-1999 187 Part IX Geographic Index 191