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PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION, PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. PART ONE : TABLE OF CONTENTS VOICE AND DICTION SPEECH HISTORY ORAL COMMUNICATION Language and Oral Communication, The Process of Oral Communication, Voice Quality, The Normal Voice, The Breathy Voice, The Full Voice, The Chesty Voice, The Thin Voice,Practice Selections for Varying Voice Quality, Voice Levels, Key Tone, Voice Inflections,Melody Patterns, Exercises for Varying Pitch Levels, Voice Intensity, Degrees of Emphasis. Vocal Control, Forms of Intensity, Volume and Voice Projection Voice Focus,Exercises for Prac- ticing Volume and Projection Rate of Speech, Quantity in Speech Rate, Junctures,Variety of Rate in Speech, for Varying Rate of Speech, THE LISTENING PROCESS Exercises for Practicing Exercises for Practicing THE RELAXATION PROCESS Altention Factor, Auditory Descrimination,Listening Comprehension, Exercises, Definition and Significance, Exercises Xvii Word and Phrase Practice Selections Variety in Volume and Force, THE SPEAKING PROCESS The Organs of Speech, The Breathing Stage phragmatic Breathing, The Phonation Stage, nation Stage, The Articulation Stage, Deviations in Quality, Analysis of Voices, Exercises Exercises for Correcting Voice Deviations, Exercises THE SPEECH SOUNDS Vocalizing the Vowel Sounds, Critical Sounds For Practice, Prohouncing The Diphthongs, Articulating The Consonant Sounds, Exercises THE RHYTHM OF SPEECH Stress in English Speech, Exercises PART TWO: PUBLIC SPEAKING Multi-Syllable Words, Noun-Verb Shifts, Words, Derived Words, Phrasal Verbs, Combinations, Sentence Stress: Blending of Words Contrastive Phrasing of Sentences,Emphatic Stress Exercises in bia The Reo Voice Ouality, THE SPEECH SITUATION. Word Stress: Monosyllable Words, Number Word Intonation in English Speech, Rising-Falling Intonation, or Non-final Intonation, Intonation Patterns for Specific Structures, Series with and I Alternatives with or Direct Address, Tag Questions, Intonation Patterns for Special Purposes: Incompleteness of Thought / Un- certainty, Completeness of Thought/ Assurance Humor Sarcasn, Mood Intonation, Exercises, Practice Selections for Voice and Diction, Exercise THE INTERVIEW Definition and Characteristics, Basic Intonation Patterns: or Speech Communication Forms: Dyadic, Small Group Discussion, Public Speech,Conditions for Successful Communication: The Speaker,The Listener,The Listener and the Speaker, The Communicative Situation, Exercises The Fact-Finding Interview: Planning the Interview, Conducting the Stress, or Rising Intonation, Interview, Evaluating the Facts, Practice Interview, Planning the Interview The Employment Selection Interview, Conducting the Interview,Evaluating the Applicant Listening and Observing, Interview Techniques: Questioning Evaluating, Controlling Interview Styles: The Patterned Interview, The Indirect Interview, Practice Interview: Employment Selection, Exercises SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION ... Dimensions of Small Group Communica- tion, Planning A Small Group Discussion, Deciding the Purpose: Fact-Finding,Information-Sharing,Decision- Small Group Discussion, Choosing A Topic, Choosing the Discussion Leader, Choosing the Participants Conducting the Small Group Discussion: Obtaining Facts, A Discussion Outline for a Fact-Finding Group, Solving a Problem and Making a Decision, A Discussion Outline for a Decision Making Group, Physical Setting Formats for Small Group Communication Seating Arrangements of Participants Exercises I0 PARLIAMENTARY CODE IN THE BUSINESS MEETING Parliamentarv Procedure Planning the Meeting Conducting the Meeting: Call to Order, 240 Reading the Minutes of the Previous Meeting, Report of Standing Committees, Re Unfinished Business, port of the Special Committees Introducing Motions Discussing Motions Amending Motions, Voting on Motions, Miscellaneous Matters, Adjournment Classification of Motions: Privileged Motions Incidental Motions, Subsidiary Motions, Main Motions,Specific Motions, Fix Time of Next Meeting, To Adjourn, Take A Recess, Questions of Privilege, To Lay on the Table, The Previous Question, Limit or Extend Debate, Postpone to a Certain Time, To Commit ot Refer to a Committee, To Amend, Postpone Indefinitely, Take from the Table Reconsider,Rescind, Object to Consideration Point of Order, Motion to Withdraw a Exercises Making, New Business, Motion, Parliamentary Inquiry, Tasks and Responsibilities: Presiding Officer, Members, A Practice Business Meeting,

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CONTENTS Using Effective Search Procedures Tips on Conducting a Literature Review Summary References Self-Test CHATER 5 WRITING AND ORGAISIZING RESEARCH PAPERS Elements of Good Writing StYIe Tips for Effective Writing Writing Formats Different Formal StYles Headings Figures and Tables Footnotes Bibliographic Format The APA StYle Writing a Literature Review Parts of the Review Writing a Research ProsPectus Organizing a Research ProsPectus Writing a Research RePort Submitting Research PaPers Writing Abstracts Summary References Self-Test CHAPTER 4 : DESIGNING THE COMMUNICATION RESEARCH PROJECT The Research Process Historical and Critical Research Historical Research Critical Research Research Guidelines Descriptive Research Survey Research Observational Research Experimental Research ExPerimental Designs Types of ExPerimental Research Research TerminologY Variables Definitions ValiditY and ReliabilitY Research GrouPs Empirical Research Summary References Self-Test CHAPTER 5 COMPUTER SEARCHING OF ON LINE BIBLIOGAPHIC DATA BASES Data Bases Technological DeveloPments Varieties of Data Bases Communication-Related Data Bases Searching Data Bases End-User Searching The Role of the Library Preparing for a Search The Search Process Summary References SeIf-Test t? PART TWO : COMMUNICATION RESEARCH SOURCES Handbooks Textbooks Encyclopedias Dictionaries Annual Reviews and Series Selected Sources Handbooks Textbooks EncycloPedias Research Terminology Variables Definitions Validity and Reliability Research Groups Empirical Research Summary References Self-Test CHAPTER : COMPUTER SEARCHING OF ON LINE BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA BASES Data Bases Technological Developments Varieties of Data Bases Communication-Related Data Bases Searching Data Bases End-User Searching The Role of the Library Preparing for a Search The Search Process Summary References Self-Test PART TWO : COMMUNICATION RESEARCH SOURCES CHAPTER 6 : GENERAL SOURCES Handbooks Textbooks Encyclopedias Dictionaries Annual Reviews and Series Selected Sources Handbooks , Textbooks Encyclopedias Annual Reviews and Series Self-Test CHAPTER 7 : FINDING AIDS Bibliographies Guides to the Literature Legal Research Indexes Specialized Indexes Citation fndexes Microfilm Indexes Media Indexes Abstracts Self-test CHAPTER : COMMUNICATION PERIODICALS Scholarly Journals Professional and Trade periodicals Selected Sources Scholarly Journals Professional and Trade periodicals Abstract and Index Abbreviations Self-Test CHAPTER 9 : INFORMATION COMPILATIONS Collections Speech Collections Print Media Collections Electronic Media Collections Legal Collections Attitude Measurement Collections Statistical Sources United States Government publications Yearbooks Directories Manuals Glossary Source Index Subject Index

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PREMIERE ETAPE: LA PREPARATION Découvrez votre oui Dynamisez votre non Ouvrez la voie au oui par le respect DEUXIEME ETAPE: L'action Exprimez votre oui Déclarez votre non Proposez un oui TROISIEME ETAPE: l'après Restez fidèle à votre oui Soulignez votre non Négociez jusqu'au oui Le mariage du oui et du non

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1.The production studio environment 2.Digital audio production 3.The audio console 4.Microphones 5.Digital audio players/recorders 6.Digital editing and multi-track recording 7.Signal processing equipment 8.Monitor speakers,cables,connectors,and studio accessories 9.Analog audio production 10.Production situations 11.Internet radio and other distributio techniques

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1. Le champ de l'argumentation 2. Les familles d'arguments 3. Le rôle de l'accord préalable 4. Les arguments d'autorité 5. Les arguments de communauté 6. Les arguments de cadrage 7. Les arguments d'analogie conclusion

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The measurement of transformational leadership Commitment, loyalty and satisfaction of followers of transformational leaders Transformational leadership and performance Stress and transformational leadership Contigencies of transformational leadership Transformational organizational cultures Transformational leadership of men and women Impelications of transformational leadership for organizational policies The development of transformational leadership Predictors and correlates of transformational leadership Rank, status, and transformational leadership Substitutes for transformational leadership and teams as substitues Transformational leadership future challenges

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Table des Matières preface inédite à la deuxieme édition préface 1.L`elan du cæur Aux sources de la communication NonViolente Introduction Apprendre à diriger son attention La CNV au quotidien Résumé La CNV au pratque 2. Quand I a communication entrave la bienveillance Jugements moralisateurs Faux des comparaisons Refus de responsabiliré Autres formes de communication aliénante Résumé 3. Observer sans evaluer_ La plus haute forme de l`intelligence humaine Distinguons observation er évaluation Résumé La CNV en pratique Exucrce 4.Identifier et exprimer le sentiment le cout eleve des sentements inexprimés distinguer les sentiments des interprétations mentales Développer un vocabulaire des sentiments Résumé Exercice 9. Relions-nous à nous-mêmes avec bienveillance Souvenons-nous de ce qui nous rend unique Nous évaluer lorsque nous avons été moins que parfais Traduire les jugements envers nous-mêmes et nos exigences intérieures Le deuil en CNV Nous pardonner L`enseignement du costume à pois Ne faisons rien si ce n'est par jeu ! Traduire « je dois » en «je choisis » Cultivons la conscience de l'énergie qui motive nos actions Résumé 10. Exprimer pleinement la colere Ne pas confondre la cause et 1e facteur déclenchant Toute co1ère a une fonction natale Facteur déclenchant et cause : lorsque nous 1es confondons Exprimer la colère en quatre temps Offrir d'abord de l'empathie Prendre son temps Résumé CNV en pratique 11. L`usage de la force dans un but de protection Lorsque le recours à 1a force est inéüvitab1e Dans quel esprit recourt-on à 1a force ? Exemples de force répressive Le prix de la punition Deux questions qui montrent les limites de Ia punition L`usage préventif de la force à 1'école Résumé 12, Se libérer et accompagner S'affranchir des anciens conditionnements Résoudre 1es conflits intérieurs Prendre soin de notre environnement inténeur Remplacer le diagnostic par la CNV Resumé La CNV en pratique 13, Exprimer sa reconnaissance en Communication Non Violente L`intention du remerciement Les trois composants d'un remerciement Recevoir un remerciement La soif de reconnaissance Surmonter réticence à dire sa reconnaissance Résumé Épilogue Annexes Quelques besoins fondamentaux qui nous animent tous 243 Pratiquer 1e processus de la CNV Bibliographie 245 246 À propos de l`auteur et du Centre pour la Communication Non-violente 247 Témoignages

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PART ONE The Mass Media Industries Chapter 1 Understanding Mass Media To day Chapter 2 Books Chapter 3 Newspapers Chapter 4 Magazines Chapter 5 Recordings Chapter 6 Radio Chapter 7 Movies Chapter 8 Television Chapter 9 Digital Communications and the Web PART TWO Mass Media Support Industries Chapter 10 Advertising Chapter 11 Public Relations PART THREE Media Issues and Global Outlook Chapter 12 News and Information Chapter 13 Social and Political Issues Chapter 14 Law and Regulation Chapter 15 Ethical Practices and Policies Chapter 16 International Media

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Introduction Speech : Its Nature and Imnportance Needs Analysis Communication and Language Relationships of Speech, Language and Communication Communication and You Aspects of Communication Types of Communication Elements of Communication The Communication Proce Stages of the Communication Process The Speech Chain Barriers of Communication Listening in Communication What is Listening The Best Kind of Listening Why Listen The Listening Process Types of Listening Levels of Listening Roadblocks of Listening How to be a Good Listener Mechanics of Speech The Organs of Speech Functions of Speech Organs Production of Speech Sounds An Effective Speaking Voice The Desirable Speaking Voice Factors that Aid Voice Production Voice Projection How To Take Good Care of Your Voice I. The Sound of English The English Vowels Vowels Sound Production The English Diphthongs The English Consonants The Consonant Chart II. The Rhythm of English Word Stress The Unstressed Vowel Sentence Stress The Intonation of English Intonation, the Music of Language Intonation and Stress Phrasing Special Stresses The Variants that Affect Speech The Aspiration of [p], [t], & [k] The Syllabic Consonants Vowel Length Drills and Exercises on the English Vowels Lesson 1: Mastering the vowels [iy] and [I]| Lesson 2.: Distinction between [ey] and e] Lesson 3: Pronunciation of [ae] and (a Lesson 4: Pronuciation of [ow] and o] Lesson 5: Mastering the sounds of [uw] and u] Lesson 6: The SCHWA or Weak Vowel Drills and Exercises on the English Consonants Lesson 1: Distinction between [th] and [dh]. (t] and (d] Lesson 2: Dinstinction between [f] and [p], and [v] and [b Lesson 3: The Sibilants: [s], [z]. [sh] and (zh] The affricates: [ch] and [j] Lesson 4: The three ways of pronouncing (s]: s] as (s] or (z], [iz] and the Prothetic [s] Lesson 5: The Retroflex [r] XIII. Speaking Situations The Art of Conversation Using the Telephone The Interview Small Group Discussion Preparing an Oral Talk Bibliography

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1. Just say no 2. Ask not what your clients can do for you It's an early-and potentially grave-mistake to forget that you need to impress the person who hired you, not just your audience. It's natural to think that if you are developing yourself-or your career-as a speaker every oDportunity is "right." But some gigs are just not worth it. 3. Anyone here from outta town? 4. Brief encounters If you fail to prepare, you should be prepared to fail 5. It's all in the timing Audiences are not the same. Every one is different. They have different needs and wants. 6. Sitting in the back row You will find different parts of the day-and program positions-suit you and your material best. All the research and briefing in the world will not provide you with the real thing. Experiencing other speeches from the audience's perspective can give you some great pointers. Sermons and snippets The length of your speech is likely to be determined for you-at least, that's what +L organizers think at the outset. 8. The feng-shui factor 9. Life with lecterns.. You probably won't be able to choose the venue for your speecn. However, if you put vour mind to it, you can affect most of the other variables surrounding it. There are only two alternative speaking positions--fixed and flexible. 10. Testing...testing 11. Speaker flies undone Progress in communications technology over the last generation or so has not missed microphones and sOund systems. 12. And with us tonight. The audience expects you to be dressed as a figure of authority, whatever your subject. 13. Another opening, another show. There is one key variable affecting "lift-off" that most speakers assume is beyond their control or influence: their introduction by a third party. 14. One step at a time.. It's time to talk about the structure of your speech content. 15. A funny thing happened on the way to the crematorium. The opening of your speech is the equivalent of a mountaineer establishing a base camp. Most speakers look back on their own speeches with a critical eye, but if you are good at your game, the audience will not have noticed most of your bloopers. Laugh7 I thought l'd never start. Whatever the main purpose of your speech (sharing information and/or motivating and/or selling something) you have a single additional responsibility: to entertain. 17. Give yourself a hand. Without exception, the hands and arms are essential tools for the speaker. 18. Moving target. 19. What the bleep? The march of microphone technology has enabled speakers to add another potent weapon to their armory: mobility. 20. Did everyone hear that? 21. Don't leave it on the training ground With some trepidation, let's venture into the subject of including slang and/or swear words in your speech. 22. It's a wrap Dealing with hecklers is something unlikely to apply to you unless you are considering a career in stand-up comedy. But just in case. 23. I'm sorry, I'll read that again. A speech is like an iceberg. It's supported by something made of the same material that is many times its actual size. The audience is ready. Your mind is full of trigger words and phrases. Right there, right then, the organizer comes up to you and asks you to cut fifteen minutes. Handled well, using notes can strengthen your confidence, ensure the presence and sequence of the speech's key points, and enhance the impact of its delivery. 24. Marvo the Memory Man To stand in front of an audience and speak confidently without notes is impressive. 25. Can you tell what it is yet? I don't Iike visual aids, but I confess that occasionally-and I stress that last word- like speaking with a flip chart. 26. Ish a pleasure (hic) to be here. The issues of managing and responding to eXCeSses of alcohol are important for a speaker-and are getting more so. 27. Raise your hand if... Used carefully, the tactic of suddenly involving an audience can help to cement their relationship with you. 28. You're so vain Public speaking is a performance art. The speaker is a performance artist. The combination- works best if some of the real world is left at the stage door. 29. Here's an example I found in my hotel room The march of technology has had a tremendous impact on visual aids. But let's spend some time on the visual-aid equivalent of the Stone Age.. 30. You can look at me or lookat that 31. Here's a picture of our new product upside down. Physical slides can be cheap, simple, and effective tools in the speaker's armory. not much that can go wrong, really. The occasional judicious use of an audio and/or visual aid can be rewarding for both the speaker and the audience. 32. Come in, Houston Armed with relatively cheap equipment, a solo speaker can now put on an audio-visual show that has a lot in Common with a U2 concert. 23. I seem to have mnoved from 33½ to 45 rpm 34. Dreading the wedding There are some-thankfully rareoccasions when a speaker must have control over the word- by-word content and/or exact timing of a speech. And that's where a teleprompter comes in.. There's one speaking challenge like no other. 35. Food, glorious food A growing trend in this hurried world is for events to include "working" meals. 36. As I am sure you have read in the Times.... 37. Unaccustomned as I am. 38. Does my butt look big on that? Speakers are increasingly finding video-recording equipment present at events. Gain the respect of the audience by becoming a hunter-gatherer of bits and pieces of information that adds wit, relevance, alertness, breadth, and credibility to your strength or specialization. 39. What's really important here is.. You may have to perform without the aphrodisiac of an audience. An effective public speaker is one who has mastered, perhaps unknowingly, some of the many varieties of modern rhetoric. As God once said, and I think quite rightly.. " A common objective of any speech is to entertain-which is rarely achieved without humor. But here are the do's and don'ts of including religion and politiCS in your witty asides 41. Uh-oh! 42. And so, in conclusion... Public speaking is fraught with "oh-no" moments-those magic times when you realize that, despite all your preplanning and double-checking, something has just gone seriously Wrong. 43. Now over to the judges. In order to improve as a speaker you need to make yourself receptive to criticism. There is wide disagreement among speakers, and those who write about speaking (who are not necessarily the same people), about how you should end a speech. 44. Same time next year? 45. You in the back. YesS, you. 46. Here's one I prepared earlier. This is for those speakers who want to do more. For some people that may be because it is a profession. For others, it is rewarding in different ways. Many speaking invitations include a question-and-answer session at the end. If l get one, I see one of my first tasks as trying to talk the organizerS out of it. Handouts provided by a speaker are an exercise in the unwilling providing the unwanted to the uninterested. A7. Team A wili be on the sofa by the fire doors. It may be that your first or most frequent oCcasion to speak in public is not via a solo spot, but as part of a group exercise. 48. lch bin ein Berliner.. 49. Thieving magpies There is a possibility that, as your prowess and reputation as a speaker grows, you will be asked to address an audience whose primary language is not your own. ..207 50. Me and my airbrush Most speakers collect sily bits and pieces of information and prose. They don't have a collective name for them, and they don't really know why they do it. 51. I'm obviously earning 20 percent too much. 52. These guys are good As a speaker who wants to do more speaking, you are selling a product in a cluttered, competitive market. That product is you. If you are really serious about speaking in publiG, you will need an agent to get you more speeches and to represent your contractual interests. No speaker should fail today because of lack of advice, or guidance, on the subject.

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WRITING COPY Consistency Computers and newsroom systems Margins Headings Pages Readability Numbers Abbreviations Corrections Don't split sentences Emphasis Pauses Spelling Pronunciation Timing Testing wrap-up practice assignments WORDS Common language Informal Simple Journalese Technical terms slang contractions Engaging language Personal Real Active verbs Verb tenses Numbers Idiomatic expressions Metaphors Clichés MEANINGS Precision Usage Dependent words Saying says Objectivity superlatives Opinion Attribution SENTENCES Clarity simplicity Interjections and clauses Names and titles Quotes Coniseness LEADS Intriguing Newsworthiness Details The ordinary Punch Preparing soft leads The set-up The angle Types of leads The main point Umbrellas Delays Statements Questions Humor STORIES Efficiency Length Form Supporting the lead Information selection Making sense Flow Organization Transitions Snappers Rhythm REPORTING SOURCES the wires Broadcast wires Print wives Bulletins Other wires OTHER SOURCES Audio news services Video news services Police radio Press releases Audi and video releases Tips Newspapers Research tools Data banks Satellites GATHERING NEWS Preparation Digging Assignements Background information Methods On the phone On the scene Questioning Preparing a beat Contacts Ground rules AUDIO types of audio Actualities Q and As Voicers Wraps Techniques interviewing phoners natural sound filing editing carts WRITING TO AUDIO Lead-ins preparing something different Throws Write-Outs Renaming Concluding Audio copy Cues More than one cut COVERAGE Tragedies officials witnesses hospitals Crime police courts Politics meetings speeches news conferences campaigns polls investigation protests economics features live PRODUCING NEWCASTS Ordering newsworthiness variety geography natural tie-ins audio blocks spots kickers timing Completing rewrites tie-ins headlines weather sports traffic financial and farm the open and close PUBLIC AFFAIRS Documentaries getting audio organization music writing Interview programs before the questions during Editorials TELEVISION VISUALS Talking heads graphics supers keys boxes computer art crawls videotape amateur videotape TELEVISION REPORTING Shooting the crew basic procedures types of shots pans and zooms shooting order composition telling the story sound-bites stand-ups live satellite news gathering Editing WRITING TO VISUALS Copy readers graphics videotape anchor lead-in with reporter package Narration background graphics writing away spotting coordinating keeping eyes open exact timing sound let it breathe TELEVISON NEWCASTS news meetings assignment editors producers newswriters weather and sports directors technical staff anchors on the air THE WEB AND ETHICS NEWS ON THE WEB In the newsroom news for the web links writing for the web ETHICS AND LAW Standards accuracy libel the FCC and fairness campaigns and equal time Behavior conflict of interest privacy disorder panic staging reenactments hidden mikes and cameras protecting sources Access courts police hospitals government records government meetings

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Table des Matières preface inédite à la deuxieme édition préface 1.L`elan du cæur Aux sources de la communication NonViolente Introduction Apprendre à diriger son attention La CNV au quotidien Résumé La CNV au pratque 2. Quand I a communication entrave la bienveillance Jugements moralisateurs Faux des comparaisons Refus de responsabiliré Autres formes de communication aliénante Résumé 3. Observer sans evaluer_ La plus haute forme de l`intelligence humaine Distinguons observation er évaluation Résumé La CNV en pratique Exucrce 4.Identifier et exprimer le sentiment le cout eleve des sentements inexprimés distinguer les sentiments des interprétations mentales Développer un vocabulaire des sentiments Résumé Exercice 9. Relions-nous à nous-mêmes avec bienveillance Souvenons-nous de ce qui nous rend unique Nous évaluer lorsque nous avons été moins que parfais Traduire les jugements envers nous-mêmes et nos exigences intérieures Le deuil en CNV Nous pardonner L`enseignement du costume à pois Ne faisons rien si ce n'est par jeu ! Traduire « je dois » en «je choisis » Cultivons la conscience de l'énergie qui motive nos actions Résumé 10. Exprimer pleinement la colere Ne pas confondre la cause et 1e facteur déclenchant Toute co1ère a une fonction natale Facteur déclenchant et cause : lorsque nous 1es confondons Exprimer la colère en quatre temps Offrir d'abord de l'empathie Prendre son temps Résumé CNV en pratique 11. L`usage de la force dans un but de protection Lorsque le recours à 1a force est inéüvitab1e Dans quel esprit recourt-on à 1a force ? Exemples de force répressive Le prix de la punition Deux questions qui montrent les limites de Ia punition L`usage préventif de la force à 1'école Résumé 12, Se libérer et accompagner S'affranchir des anciens conditionnements Résoudre 1es conflits intérieurs Prendre soin de notre environnement inténeur Remplacer le diagnostic par la CNV Resumé La CNV en pratique 13, Exprimer sa reconnaissance en Communication Non Violente L`intention du remerciement Les trois composants d'un remerciement Recevoir un remerciement La soif de reconnaissance Surmonter réticence à dire sa reconnaissance Résumé Épilogue Annexes Quelques besoins fondamentaux qui nous animent tous 243 Pratiquer 1e processus de la CNV Bibliographie 245 246 À propos de l`auteur et du Centre pour la Communication Non-violente 247 Témoignages

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1.Introducing D.V 2.Equipment for D.V 3.Shooting D.V 4.From camera to computer 5.Windows Movie Maker 6.Apple iMovie 7.Editing software 8.First editing steps 9.Transitions and play back 10.Text and titles 11.Adding audio 12.Creating menus 13.Publishing D.V

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1. A quoi sert le journalisme? 2. La vérité: le premier des principes et le plus difficile à cerner 3. Pour qui travaillent les journalistes? 4. un journalisme fondé sur la vérification des faits 5. L'indépendance par rapport aux factions 6. Contrôler le pouvoir-Donner la parole aux sans-voix 7. Le journalisme: un forum de discussion 8. Mobiliser l'intérêt du public sur les sujets qui le méritent 9. Traiter tous les sujets, en accordant à chacun la place qui lui revient 10. Les journalistes ont un devoir de conscience A propos des auteurs

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1. L'organisme social 2. Les empirismes du nouveau Monde 3. La théorie de l'information 4. Industrie culturelle, idéologie et pouvoir 5. Economie politique 6. Le retour du quotidien 7. L'emprise de la communication Conclusion

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1è Partie Titre 1: Présentation liminaire Chapitre 1: La notion de la relations internationales Chapitre 2: Rélations internationales et société internationale Titre 2: Aspect fondamentaux Chapitre 1: L'évolution historique des rélations internationales depuis 1945 Chapitre 2: Les grandes principes politico-juridiques des rélations internationales contemporaines 2è partie ANALYSE GLOBALE DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES Titre. Donnée permanentes Chapitre 1: Le problème dominant des rélations internationales: Guerre ou paix entre les nations Chapitre 2: Principaux facteurs explicatifs des rélations internationales contemporaines Chapitre 3: Rélation internationales et stratégie Titre. AUTEURS PRINCIPAUX Chapitre 1: L'irréductible Etat souverain Chapitre 2: Les organisations internationales intergouvernementales Chapitre 3: Les acteurs transnationaux

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PART 1 GETTING STARTED 1 Becoming a Public Speaker 2. Ethical Public Speaking 3. Listeners and Speakers 4. Types of Speeches 5. From A to Z: Overview of a Speech 6. Managing Speech Anxiety PART 2 DEVELOPMENT 7. Analyzing the Audience 8. Selecting a Topic and Purpose 9. Developing Supporting Material 10. Locating Supporting Material 11. Doing Effective Internet Research PART 3- ORGANIZATION 12. Organizing Main and Supporting Points 13. Selecting an Organizational Pattern 14. Using Outline Formats PART 4-STARTING, FINISHING, AND STYLING 15. Developing the Introduction and Conclusion 16. Using Language PART 5·DELIVERY 17. Choosing a Method of Delivery 18. Controling the Voice 19. Using the Body PART 6- PRESENTATION AIDS 20. Types of Presentation Aids 21. Designing Presentation Aids 22. A Brief Guide to Microsoft PowerPoint PART 7 TYPES OF SPEECHES 23. Informative Speaking 24. Persuasive Speaking 25. Speaking on Special Occasions PART 8•THE CLASSROOM AND BEYOND 26. Typical Classroom Presentation Formats 27. Science and Mathematics Courses 28. Technical Courses 29. Social Science Courses 30. Arts and Humanities Courses 31. Education Courses 32. Business Courses 33. Communicating in Groups 34. Business and Professional Presentations APPENDICES A. Citation Guidelines B. Question-and-Answer Sessions C. Preparing for Mediated Communication Tips for Non-Native Speakers of English