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I INTRODUCTION TO THE PRICE SYSTEM 1 Economics: The World Around You Appendix: Working with Graphs 2 Choice, Opportunity Costs, and Specialization 3 Markets, Demand and Supply, and the Price System 4 The Market System and the Private Sector 5 The Public Sector Making Sense of Microeconomics: ldea Map II PRODUCT MARKET BASI CS 6Consumer Choice Appendix: Indifference Analysis 7 Elasticity: Demand and Supply 8 Supply: The Costs of Doing Business III PRODUCT MARKETS 9 An Overview of Product Markets and Profit Maximization 10 Perfect Competition 11 Monopoly 12 Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly 13 The Economics of Information: A Real-World Analysis 14 Government Policy Toward Business IV RESOURCE MARKETS 15 An Overview of Resource Markets 16 The Labor Market: Wage Differentials and Personnel Practices 17 Wage Differentials: Race, Gender, Age, and Unionization 18 Capital, Land, and Entrepreneurial Ability V CURRENT ISSUES INVOLVING THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND THE MARKET ECONOMY 19 The Econ om ics of Aging and Health Care 20 Income Distribution, Poverty, and Government Policy 21 Market Failure and Environmental Policy 22 Government and Public Choice VI ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FINANCE 23 World Trade Equilibrium 24 Commercial Policy 25 Exchange-Rate Systems and Practices 26 The Transition from Socialism to Capitalism

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I INTRODUCTION TO THE PRICE SYSTEM 1 Economics: The World Around You Appendix: Working with Graphs 2 Choice, Opportunity Costs, and Specialization 3 Markets, Demand and Supply, and the Price System 4 The Market System and the Private Sector 5 The Public Sector Making Sense of Microeconomics: ldea Map II PRODUCT MARKET BASI CS 6Consumer Choice Appendix: Indifference Analysis 7 Elasticity: Demand and Supply 8 Supply: The Costs of Doing Business III PRODUCT MARKETS 9 An Overview of Product Markets and Profit Maximization 10 Perfect Competition 11 Monopoly 12 Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly 13 The Economics of Information: A Real-World Analysis 14 Government Policy Toward Business IV RESOURCE MARKETS 15 An Overview of Resource Markets 16 The Labor Market: Wage Differentials and Personnel Practices 17 Wage Differentials: Race, Gender, Age, and Unionization 18 Capital, Land, and Entrepreneurial Ability V CURRENT ISSUES INVOLVING THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND THE MARKET ECONOMY 19 The Econ om ics of Aging and Health Care 20 Income Distribution, Poverty, and Government Policy 21 Market Failure and Environmental Policy 22 Government and Public Choice VI ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FINANCE 23 World Trade Equilibrium 24 Commercial Policy 25 Exchange-Rate Systems and Practices 26 The Transition from Socialism to Capitalism

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I INTRODUCTION TO THE PRICE SYSTEM I Economics: The World Around You Appendix: Working with Graphs 2 Choice, Opportunity Costs, and Specialization 3 Markets, Demand and Supply, and the Price System 4 The Market System and the Private Sector 5 The Public Sector Making Sense of Microeconomics: ldea Map I| PRODUCT MARKET BASICS 6Consumer Choice Appendix: Indifference Analysis 7 Elasticity: Demand and Supply 8 Supply: The Costs of Doing Business II PRODUCT MARKETS 9 An Overview of Product Markets and Profit Maximization 10 Perfect Competition 11 Monopoly 12 Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly 13 The Economics of Information: A Real-World Analysis 14 Government Policy Toward Business IV RESOURCE MARKETS 15 An Overview of Resource Markets 16 The Labor Market: Wage Differentials and Personnel Practices 17 Wage Differentials: Race, Gender, Age, and Unionization 18 Capital, Land, and Entrepreneurial Ability V CURRENT ISSUES INVOLVING THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND THE MARKET ECONOMY 19 The Economics of Aging and Health Care 20 Income Distribution, Poverty, and Government Policy 21 Market Failure and Environmental Policy 22 Government and Public Choice VI ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FINANCE 23 World Trade Equilibrium 24 Commercial Policy 25 Exchange-Rate Systems and Practices 26 The Transition from Socialism to Capitalism

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I INTRODUCTION TO THE PRICE SYSTEM I Economics: The World Around You Appendix: Working with Graphs 2 Choice, Opportunity Costs, and Specialization 3 Markets, Demand and Supply, and the Price System 4 The Market System and the Private Sector 5 The Public Sector Making Sense of Microeconomics: ldea Map I| PRODUCT MARKET BASICS 6Consumer Choice Appendix: Indifference Analysis 7 Elasticity: Demand and Supply 8 Supply: The Costs of Doing Business II PRODUCT MARKETS 9 An Overview of Product Markets and Profit Maximization 10 Perfect Competition 11 Monopoly 12 Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly 13 The Economics of Information: A Real-World Analysis 14 Government Policy Toward Business IV RESOURCE MARKETS 15 An Overview of Resource Markets 16 The Labor Market: Wage Differentials and Personnel Practices 17 Wage Differentials: Race, Gender, Age, and Unionization 18 Capital, Land, and Entrepreneurial Ability V CURRENT ISSUES INVOLVING THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND THE MARKET ECONOMY 19 The Economics of Aging and Health Care 20 Income Distribution, Poverty, and Government Policy 21 Market Failure and Environmental Policy 22 Government and Public Choice VI ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FINANCE 23 World Trade Equilibrium 24 Commercial Policy 25 Exchange-Rate Systems and Practices 26 The Transition from Socialism to Capitalism

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INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1/WHAT IS ECONOMICS? CHAPTER 2/A PROFILE OF THE U.S ECONOMY CHAPTER 3/SCARCITY AND CHOICE :THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM CHAPTER 4/SUPPLY AND DEMAND:AN INITIAL LOOK CHAPTER 5/DECIDING ON OUTPUT AND PRICE:THE IMPORTANCE OF MARGINAL ANALYSE CHAPTER 6/INPUT DECISIONS AND PRODUCTION COAST CHAPTER 7/MARKET DEMAND AND ELASTICITY CHAPTER 8/CONSUMER CHOICE:ORIGINS OF THE DEMAND CURVE CHAPTER 9/THE FIRM AND THE INDUSTRY UNDER PERFECT COMPETITION CHAPTER 10/THE PRICE SYSTEM AND THE CASE FOR LAISSEZ FAIRE CHAPTER 11/MONOPOLY CAPTER 12/BETWEEN COMPETITION AND MONOPOLY CHAPTER 13/THE MARKET MECHANISMS:SHORTCOMINGS AND REMIDIES CHAPTER 14/REAL FIRMS AND THEIR FINANCING :STOCKS AND BONDS CHAPTER 15/PRICING THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION CHAPTER 16/THE LABORD MARKET AND WAGES CHAPTER 17/POVERTY;INEQUALITY AND DISCRIMINATION CHAPTER 18/LIMITING MARKET POWER :REGULATION OF INDUSTRY CHAPTER 19/LIMITING MARKET POWER :ANTITRUST POLICY CHAPTER 20/TEXATION;GOVERNMENT SPENDING;AND RESOURCE CONCERVATION CHAPTER 21/ENVIRONMENATAL PROTECTION AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION CHAPTER 22/INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CHAPTER 23/COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS:WHAT ARE THE CHOICES? ANSWER KEY

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Economics: The World Around You Appendix: Working with Graphs Using the Study Guide Markets, Demand and Supply, and the Price Systenm Choice, Orportunity Costs, and Specialization The Market System and the Private Sector The Public Sector Sample Test for Chapters 1-5 National Income Accounting An Introduction to the Foreign Exchange Market and the Balance of Payments Unemployment and Inflation Macroeconomic Equilibrium: Aggregate Demand and Supply Aggregate Expenditures Appendix: An Algebraic Model of Aggregate Expenditures Income and Expenditures Equilibrium Appendix: An Algebraic Model of Income and Expenditures Equilibrium Sample Tests for Chapters 6-11 Fiscal Policy Appendix: An Algebraic Examination of the Balanced-Budget Change in Fiscal Policy Money and Banking Monetary Policy Macroeconomic Policy: Tradeoffs, Expectations, Credibility, and Sources of Business Cycles Macroeconomic Viewpoints: New Keynesian, Monetarist, and New Classical Macroeconomic Links Between Countries Sample Tests for Chapters 12-17 Sample Test for Chapters 18-19 Economic Growth Development Economics

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INTRODUCTION 1 PART ONE:INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS 1:THE SCOPE AND METHOD OF ECONOMICS 2:THE ECONOMICS PROBLEM:SCARCITY AND CHOICE 32 3:THE STRUCTURE OF THE U.S ECONOMY:THE PRIVATE ,PUBLIC AND INTERNATIONAL SECTORS 51 4:DEMAND ,SUPPLY ,AND MARKET EQUILIBRIUM 74 5:THE PRICE SYSTEM,SUPPLY AND DEMAND AND ELASTICYTY 105 MICROECONOMICS 135 PART TWO:FOUNDATIONS OF MICROECONOMICS:CONSUMERS AND FIRMS 135 6:HOUSEHOLD BAHAVIOR AND CONSUMER CHOICE 138 7:THE BAHAVIOR OF PROFITS-MAXIMIZING FIRM AND THE PRODUCTION PROCESS 170 8:SHORT-RUN COSTS AND OUTPUT DECISION 194 9:COAST AND OUTPUT DECISION IN THE LONG RUN 218 10:INPUT DEMAND:THE LABOR AND LAND MARKETS 243 11:THE CAPITAL MARKET AND THE INVESTMENT DECISION 269 12:GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM AND THE EFFICIENCY OF PERFECTS COMPETITION 290 PART THREE:MARKET IMPERFECTIONS AND THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT 315 13:MONOPOLY 316 14:MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION AND OLIGOPOLY 346 15:ANTITRUST AND REGULATION 372 16:EXTERNALITIES PUBLIC GOODS ,IMPERFECTS ?INFORMATION AND SOCIAL CHOICE 396 17:INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND POVERTY 426 PART FOUR:CURRENT MICROECONOMICS ISSUES 453 18:PUBLIC FINANCE:THE ECONOMICS OF TAXATION 454 19:THE ECONOMICS OF LABOR MARKETS AND LABOR UNUIONS 480 20:THE LOCATION OF ECONOMICS ACIVITY :URBAN AND REGIONAL ECONOMICS 505 INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS 529 PART FIVE :THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 529 21:INTERNATIONAL TRADE,COMPARATIVE ,ADVANTAGE,AND PROTECTIONISM 530 22:ECONOMIC GROWTH IN DEVELOPING NATION 554 23:ALTERNATIVES SYSTEM ,THE COLLAPSE OF COMMUNISM AND THE ROAD TO ECONOMIC REFORM 576

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PART ONE INTRODUCTION 1. Managers and Management 1 2. The Evolution of Management 27 PART TWO DEFINING THE MANAGER'S TERRAIN 3. Organizational Culture and Environment: The Constraints 67 4. International Management: Responding to a Global Environment 93 5. Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethics 6. Decision Making: The Essence of the Manager's Job 149 PART THREE PLANNING 7. Foundations of Planning 185 8. Strategic Management and Entrepreneurship 209 9. Planning Tools and Techniques 241 PART FOUR ORGANIZING 10. Foundations of Organizing 279 11. Organization and Job Design Options 307 12. Human Resource Management 339 13. Managing Change and Innovation 379 PART FIVE LEADING 14. Foundations of Behavior 413 15. Understanding Groups and Teamwork 439 16. Motivating Employees 463 17. Leadership 493 18. Communication and Interpersonal Skills 525 PART SIX CONTROLLING 19. Foundations of Control 569 20. Information Control Systems 595 21. Operations Management 625 Scoring Keys for Self-Assessment Exercises SK-1 Endnotes Glossary G-1 Acknowledgment of Illustrations AI-1 Name Index NI-1 Organization Index OI-1 Subject Index SI-1 COMMENTAIRE. UN ENCOURAGEMENT QUI DONNE ENVIE DE VIVRE LE JOUR NOUVEAU, CADEAU DE DIEU, ANDE AVENTURE. CHAPTER 1 Managers and Management 1 Who are Managers? 3 What is Management and What Do Managers Do? 5 Defining Management 5 Management Functions 6 THE CHANGING FACE OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: Defense Contractors Finally Tackle Mismanagement and Waste 7 Management Roles 8 Are Effective Managers Also Successful Managers? 10 ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN MANAGEMENT: Is It Wrong to Tell a Lie? 11 Is the Manager's Job Universal? 12 The Value the Marketplace Puts on Managers 15 Why Study Management? 16 MANAGERS WHO MADE A DIFFERENCE: Roger Penske at Detroit Diesel Corp. 17 Summary 18 Review Questions 18 Discussion Questions 19 Self-Assessment Exercise: How Strong is Your Motivation to Manage in a Large Organization? 20 For Your Immediate Action: Compu Speed Software 21 CASE APPLICATION: Two Days in the Life of Jerre L. Stead 22 VIDEO CASE: Kay Graham of the Washington Post 25 CHAPTER 2 The Evolution of Management 27 Historical Background 29 The Period of Diversity 32 Scientific Management 32 General Administrative Theorists 36 The Human Resources Approach 38 The Quantitative Approach 43 Recent Years: Toward Integration 45 The Process Approach 45 The Systems Approach 45 The Contingency Approach 47 Current Trends and Issues: The Changing Face of Management Practice 48 Work Force Diversity 49 MANAGERS WHO MADE A DIFFERENCE: James Houghton at Corning 50 Ethics 50 Stimulating Innovation and Change 51 Total Quality Management 51 Empowerment 53 The Bi-Modal Work Force 53 Summary 54 Review Questions 56 Discussion Questions 56 Self-Assessment Exercise: Are You the Quantitative Type? 56 For Your Immediate Action: The Walt Disney Company 58 CASE APPLICATION: Reinventing Pro Fasteners Inc. 59 VIDEO CASE: The U.S. Military as a Model in Race Relations 60 INTEGRATIVE EXERCISE FOR PART I: Managerial Roles 61 INTEGRATIVE CASE FOR PART I: A Day in the Life of Chuck Stoneman 63 CHAPTER 3 Organizational Culture and Environment: The Constraints 67 The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic? 69 The Omnipotent View 69 The Symbolic View 70 Reality Suggests a Synthesis 70 The Organization's Culture 71 What is Organizational Culture? 71 ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN MANAGEMENT: Should Organizations Protect Whistleblowers? 72 The Source of Culture 73 Strong Versus Weak Cultures 74 MANAGERS WHO MADE A DIFFERENCE: Mary Kay Ash of Mary Kay Cosmetics 75 Influence on Management Practice 75 The Environment 76 Defining the Environment 77 THE CHANGING FACE OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: Shaping Competitive Cultures 79 The Specific Environment 80 The General Environment 81 Influence on Management Practice 85 Summary 86 Review Questions 87 Discussion Questions 87 Culture Fits You Best? 87 Self-Assessment Exercise: What Kind of Organizational For Your Immediate Action: William Stern and Co. 89 CASE APPLICATION: International Business Machines 90 VIDEO CASE: Adapting to ADA 91 CHAPTER 4 International Management: Responding to a Global Environment Who Owns What? 95 Attacking Parochialism 95 The Changing Global Environment 97 From Multinationals to Transnationals 97 Regional Trading Alliances 98 MANAGERS WHO MADE A DIFFERENCE: Akiya Imura of ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN MANAGEMENT: Do Maquiladoras Matsushita Electric Corp. 99 Exploit Mexican Workers? 103 How Organizations Go International 105 Managing in a Foreign Environment 106 So Long Communism, Hello Capitalism! 104 The Legal-Political Environment 106 The Cultural Environment 107 Summary 110 Review Questions 111 Discussion Questions 111 Self-Assessment Exercise: The International Culture Quiz 112 For Your Immediate Action: J. Pierre Nadeau's Club 2000 Warehouse Shopping 114 CASE APPLICATION: Xerox of Mexico 115 VIDEO CASE: Japanese-Owned Companies in America 115 CHAPTER 5 Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethics 117 What Is Social Responsibility? 119 Two Opposing Views 120 Arguments For and Against Social Responsibility 121 From Obligations to Responsiveness 123 Social Responsibility and Economic Performance 124 MANAGERS WHO MADE A DIFFERENCE: Faith Wohl at Du Pont Co. 125 Is Social Responsibility Just Profit-Maximizing Behavior? 126 A Guide Through the Maze 127 Managerial Ethics 129 Three Different Views on Ethics Factors Affecting Managerial Ethics MANAGING FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: Ethics in an Toward Improving Ethical Behavior 135 A Final Thought 140 Summary 140 Review Questions 141 Discussion Questions 142 Self-Assessment Exercise: What Are Your Personal Value Preferences? 142 For Your Immediate Action: CMT Research International 144 CASE APPLICATION: Two Ethical Dilemmas in Starting Your Own Business 145 VIDEO CASE: General Electric's Automatic Coffee Maker 147 CHAPTER 6 Decision Making; The Essence of the Manager's Job 149 The Decision-Making Process Step 1: Identifying a Problem 151 Step 2: Identifying Decision Criteria 152 Step 3: Allocating Weights to the Criteria 152 Step 4: Developing Alternatives 153 Step 5: Analyzing Alternatives 153 Step 6: Selecting an Alternative 155 Step 7: Implementing the Alternative 155 MANAGERS WHO MADE A DIFFERENCE: Geneva Overholser at the Des Moines Register 155 Step 8: Evaluating Decision Effectiveness 156 The Pervasiveness of Decision Making The Rational Decision Maker 157 Assumptions of Rationality 157 ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN MANAGEMENT: Should Social Responsibility Play a Factor in the Decision to Relocate a Plant or Headquarters Office? 158 Limits to Rationality 159 Bounded Rationality 159 THE CHANGING FACE OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: The Growing Popularity of Intuitive Decision Making 162 Problems and Decisions: A Contingency Approach 163 Types of Problems 163 Types of Decisions 163 Integration 165 Analyzing Decisions Alternatives 166 Certainty 166 Risk 166 Uncertainty 167

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Progress in Retail Payments. Elizabeth Laderman. Monetary Aggregates. John R. Walter FUNDAMENTALS OF INTEREST RATES Bond's Duration Is Handy Guide On Rates. Barbara Donnelly Granito. Big Deficit Cut Could Sharply Reduce Rates. Constance Mitchell.The Truth about Junk Bonds.Sean Becketti U.S. Plan To Cut Long-Tern Bond Sales May Be Costly Ự Short-T. Rates Jump. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Constance Mitchell and Thomas T. Vogel, Jr. Solving the Mystery of High Credit Card Rates. Randall J. Pozdena. Is There Too Much Corporate Debt1959. Ben Bernanke. Information Externalities: Why Lending May Sometimes Need a Jump Start. Leonard I. Nakamura. On The Changing Composition of Bank Porfolios Jonathan A. Neuberger Are Bank Loans Strill Spe cial993. Sean Becketti and Charles Morris. Banking and Commerce : The Japanese Case.Sun Bae Kim. Interest Rate Risk: What's a Bank to Do? Sherrill Shaffer.Investigating the Bank Consolidation Trend. John H. Boyd and Stanley L. Graham. Bank Branching and Portfolio Diversification. Elizabeth Laderman, Ronald H. Schmidt, and Gary C. Zimmerman. The New Banking Law Toughens Regulatton, Some Say Too Much.Kenneth H. Bacon. Under New Bank Law, More Large Depostors Face Losses in Failures.Kenneth H. Bacon and Steven Lipin. Deposit Insurance: Problems and Solutions .Mark D. Flood. Banks' Declining Role in Economy Worries Fed, May Hurt Firns. Kenneth H. Bacon. Changes in Financial Intermediation: The Role of Pension and Mutual Funds Gordon H. Sellon, Jr. ling Managing Interest Rate Risk with Interest Rate Futures.Charles S. Morris Risks in the Swaps Market. Elizabeth Laderman THE MONEY SUPPLY PROCESS Coping with Bank Failures: Some Lessons from the United States and the United Kingdom R. Alton Gilbert and Geoffrey E. Wood THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM AND THE CONDUCT OF MONETARY POLICY Two Types of Paper : The Case for Federal Reserve Independence.W. Michael Cox Interest Rate Spreads as Indicators for Mone tary Policy.Chan Guk Huh INTERNATIONAL FINANCE Big MacCurrencies. Is Purchasing Power Parity a Useful Guide to the Dollar ? Craig S. Hakkio. The Dollar : Short-Run Volatility and Long-Run Adjustment Adrian W. Throop The European Currency Crisis Reuven Glick and Michael Hutchison U.S. Foreign Exchange Operations Kristina Jacobson MONETARY THEORY Policy Implications of Recent M2. Behavior Byron Higgins

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Part One: KEY INDICATORS FOOD TRENDS 25 Grain Harvest Plummets 26 Soybean Crop Down 28 Meat Production Increases Slightly 30 Fish Catch Stable 32 Aquaculture Output Up 34 Grain Stocks Drop 36 AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE TRENDS World Grain Yield Drops 40 Fertilizer Use Keeps Dropping 42 Irrigation Expansion Slowing 44 ENERGY TRENDS 47 Oil Production Flat 48 Wind Power Rises 50 Nuclear Power Climbs 52 Solar Cell Growth Slows 54 Natural Gas Production Expands Coal Use Declines 58 Compact Fluorescents Flourish 60 ATMOSPHERIC TREND S 63 CFC Production Continues to Drop 64 Global Temperature Rises Slightly 66 Carbon Emissions Unchanged 68 ECONOMIC TRENDS 71 World Economy Expanding 72 Third World Debt Still Rising 74 Trade Continues to Climb 76 Global Paper Production Keeps Growing 78 Roundwood Production Unabated 80 Gold Production at Record High 82 TRANSPORTATION TRENDS 85 Bicycle Production Rises Again 86 Auto Production Falls 88 ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS 9I Resistance to Pesticides Growing 92 Sulfur and Nitrogen Emissions Resume Rise 94 SOCIAL TRENDS 97 Population Increase Drops Slightly g8 Overall Cigarette Production Rises 1o0 HIV/AIDs Cases Rising Steadily 102 Immunization Rates Soar 10. Refugee Flows Swelling 1o6 MILITARY TRENDS IO9 Arms Trade Continues Decline IIO U.N. Peacekeeping Expands Nuclear Arsenals Shrinking 14 ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES Paper Recycling on a Roll Coral Reefs in Decline Conserving the Other Rain Forest Energy Productivities Vary Widely 126 Birds Are in Decline 128 SOCIAL FEATURES I3I Traffc Accidents Taking Many Lives Life Expectancy Lengthens 134

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Part One: KEY INDICATORS FOOD TRENDS 25 Grain Harvest Plummets 26 Soybean Crop Down 28 Meat Production Increases Slightly 30 Fish Catch Stable 32 Aquaculture Output Up 34 Grain Stocks Drop 36 AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE TRENDS World Grain Yield Drops 40 Fertilizer Use Keeps Dropping 42 Irrigation Expansion Slowing 44 ENERGY TRENDS 47 Oil Production Flat 48 Wind Power Rises 50 Nuclear Power Climbs 52 Solar Cell Growth Slows 54 Natural Gas Production Expands Coal Use Declines 58 Compact Fluorescents Flourish 60 ATMOSPHERIC TREND S 63 CFC Production Continues to Drop 64 Global Temperature Rises Slightly 66 Carbon Emissions Unchanged 68 ECONOMIC TRENDS 71 World Economy Expanding 72 Third World Debt Still Rising 74 Trade Continues to Climb 76 Global Paper Production Keeps Growing 78 Roundwood Production Unabated 80 Gold Production at Record High 82 TRANSPORTATION TRENDS 85 Bicycle Production Rises Again 86 Auto Production Falls 88 ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS 9I Resistance to Pesticides Growing 92 Sulfur and Nitrogen Emissions Resume Rise 94 SOCIAL TRENDS 97 Population Increase Drops Slightly g8 Overall Cigarette Production Rises 1o0 HIV/AIDs Cases Rising Steadily 102 Immunization Rates Soar 10. Refugee Flows Swelling 1o6 MILITARY TRENDS IO9 Arms Trade Continues Decline IIO U.N. Peacekeeping Expands Nuclear Arsenals Shrinking 14 ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES Paper Recycling on a Roll Coral Reefs in Decline Conserving the Other Rain Forest Energy Productivities Vary Widely 126 Birds Are in Decline 128 SOCIAL FEATURES I3I Traffc Accidents Taking Many Lives Life Expectancy Lengthens 134

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INTRODUCTION :Problème solving and decision making,Quantitative analysis and decision making, Quantitative analysis Linear PROGRAMMING : The graphical method Linear programming :formulation,computer solution,and interpretation Linear programming :Application :marketing application ,financial, production management application,blending problems,data envelopment analysis Linear programming : te simplex method Simplex based sensitivity analysis and duality Transportation,assignement and transshipment ,Integer linear programming Network models Project scheduling :PRT/CPM Inventory models Waiting line models,computer simulation,decision analysis Multicriteria decision problems,forcasting ,Markov PROCESS DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING, calculus-based solution programming

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Overview An example problem Creating and solving a problem Creation a new problem solving /display/save Advice on data input for waiting line models DECISION ANALYSIS Overview An example problem Creating and solving a problem without using probabilites Creating a new problem solving a problem /display/save option Creating and solving a problem using probabilites Decision analyseis with sample informagtion FORCASTING Overview An example problem :forecasting using moving average Creation and solving a problem / Creation a new problem Solving a problem/ display/ save Other forecsting methode :an overview Exponentiel smoothing/ Trend projection Trend and seasonl componement MARKOV PROCESSES overview An example problem Creating and solving a problem Creation a new problem/ solving a problem /display save option An example problem with absorbing states

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The Planning Approach, Elements and Functions of a Plan Why a Team ? Forming the Team. Ethical and Competency Issues The Toughest Questions. Working With the Older Client. Life Insurance In the Elder Care Plan.Introduction. Types of Life Insurance Products. Living Benefits (Accelerated Benefits). Selection and Alteration of the Beneficiary: Insurance Transfers. Tax Implications of Life Insurance .Taxation of Transfers and Surrenders. Tax Implications of Life Insurance From the Employer Incidental Life Insurance Under Qualified Plans. Programming Life Insurance Medigap Insurance. Integrating Sources of Health Insurance. Health Insurance Continuation Coverage. Introduction to Medigap Insurance. NAIC's 1989 Standards The Ship Panel. NAIC's 1991 Standards. Long-Term Care (LTC) Insurance Getting Into a Nursing Home. Long Term Care (LTC) Insurance. LTC is Different. Regulation of LTC Insurance. Prior Hospitalization and Step-Down Provisions Waiting Periods and Preexisting Condition Limitations.Incontestability Provisions and Post-Claims Underwriting. Response to Consumer Concerns. NAIC's Latest Standards.Purchase Patterns.The Public-Private Partnership Experiment The Employer's Role In LTC.Home Care in LTC Policies Health Care Reform and LTC Insurance.How Well Do Current LTC Products Work? Policy Provisions.Sample Policies.Identifying and Solving Marketing Problems Underwriting and Pricing Issues.Medicare. The Role of Medicare In Planning For the Older Client Medicare Eligibility.Part A Hospital Coverage. Part A Hospital Benefits.Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) Care Under Medicare.... Home Health Care Under. Medicare. Medicare Part B Benefits Medicare and Other Forms of Insurance.Medicare Administration Waiver of Liability.Medicare Hearings and Appeals Medicaid Planning For the Older Client. History and Politics SSI vs. 209(b) .Categorically and Medically Needy Assets, Availability and Transfer.The Look-Back Period Treatment of Trusts. Protecting the Spouse. Resources for the At-Home Spouse Duties Between Spouses. Estate Recoveries After OBRA '93. Medicaid and Nursing Home Access. Discrimination; Contract Issues. Other Medicaid Questions. Putting It All Together. The Family Home: A Special Resource Older Client Home Strategies. Tax Breaks on Home Sales Family Homes and Medicaid. Transfers of a Home.Liens and Recoupment Using Home Equity to Pay for Nursing Homne Costs Intrafamily Transaction. Retirement Planning.Life Expectancy and Inflation Social Security. Private Pensions. Pension Withholding Retiree Health Benefits. Special Investment Needs of the Older Client Client Needs. Risk Tolerance. The New Anatomy of Risk Measuring Risk. Historical Returns. Balancing Risk and Return Investments By Fiduciaries. Selecting Individual Investments Tax Implications of Investments. Annuities. Taxation of Annuities Asset Allocation Patterns.Investments and Long Term Care Planning Special Estate Planning Needs of the Older Client. Marital Plans A Second Chance: Disclaimers and Other. Post-Mortem Planning Risk of Incapacity.Durable Powers of Attorney in the Estate Plan Estate Planning for the Family Business. Freezing the Valuation of the Business Estate Administration. the Will to Promote Efficient Administration Tax Considerations in Estate Planning.Substitutes for a Will: Joint Ownership Substitutes for a Will: Revocable Trusts.The Complete Estate Plan Trusts in Lifetime and Estate Planning.Classifications of Trusts Why Create a Trust?Trusts and Gift Tax.Grantor as Trustee Trusts and Medicaid.Life Insurance Trusts.Charitable Giving and Trusts Charitable Lead Trusts. Pooled Income Funds. The Coordinated Plan The Gilberts: Active Pre-Retirees. Gordon and Amy Rawlings: Planning a Larger Estate Linda Bryant and Emily Parkins:"What Can We Do About Mom?" Joe and Angela Miller: Medical Emergency

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ÉTUDE DES ORGANISATIONS Chapitre 2 GESTION DES INDIVIDUS, DES GROUPES ET DES EFFICACITÉ ORGANISATIONNELLE Chapitre 3 MONDIALISATION ET CULTURE INFLUENCE PREMIÈRE PARTIE L'INDIVIDU COMPORTEMENTS AU SEIN DES ORGANISATIONS : DIFFÉRENCES COMPORTEMENT INDIVIDUEL ET APPLICATIONS 141 MOTIVATION : THÉORIES DU CONTENU ET DEMANDES 169 MOTIVATION : THÉORIES DES PROCESSUS ET COMPORTEMENT 214 ÉVALUER, RÉCOMPENSER ET MODIFIER LE STRESS ET L'INDIVIDU 260 ÉTUDE DES ORGANISATIONS GESTION DES INDIVIDUS, DES GROUPES ET DES EFFICACITÉ ORGANISATIONNELLE MONDIALISATION ET CULTURE INFLUENCE PREMIÈRE PARTIE L'INDIVIDU COMPORTEMENTS AU SEIN DES ORGANISATIONS : DIFFÉRENCES APPLICATIONS 141 MOTIVATION : THÉORIES DU CONTENU ET DEMANDES 169 MOTIVATION : THÉORIES DES PROCESSUS ET COMPORTEMENT 214 ÉVALUER, RÉCOMPENSER ET MODIFIER LE STRESS ET L'INDIVIDU 260 COMPORTEMENTS AU SEIN DES ORGANISATIONS : GROUPES ET RELATIONS INTERPERSONNELLES INFLUENCE 305 COMPORTEMENT DE GROUPE COMPORTEMENT INTERGROUPE ET GESTION CONFLIT 335 POUVOIR ET POLITIQUE LEADERSHIP : THÉORIES ET MODÈLES 397 LEADERSHIP : CONCEPTS ÉMERGENTS ET APPROCHES 437 LA STRUCTURE ET LA CONCEPTION DE ORGANISATIONS 467 STRUCTURE ORGANISATIONNELLE CONCEPTION DE POSTE 503 CONCEPTION ORGANISATIONNELLE

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Notion d’intérêt Formule fondamentale de l'intérêt simple Durée de place ment exprimée en mois Durée de placement exprimée en jours Calculs sur la formule fondamentale Valeur acquise par un capital Représentation graphique de l'intérêt produit par un capital placé Représentation graphique de la valeur acquise par un capital Taux moyen d'une série de placements effectués simultanément Intérêt commercial et intérêt civil Intérêt précompté. Taux effectif de placement Méthode des Nombres et des Diviseurs fixes Escompte. Equivalence de capitaux Notion d'effet de commerce L'opération commerciale d’escompte Escompte commercial Valeur actuelle commerciale Problèmes sur l'escompte commercial Equivalence d'effets ou de capitaux. Notion d’équivalence. Date d’équivalence Détermination algébrique de la date d’équivalence de deux effets Détermination graphique de la date d’équivalence de deux effets Remarques concernant le problème de la date d'équivalence de deux effets Problèmes pratiques posés par la notion d'équivalence. Renouvellement effet Remarques concernant le problème du renouvellement d'un effet Eugénisme de problème du renouvèlement. Echéance commune Echéance moderne de plusieurs effets Problèmes de creà Pratique de l’escompte. Agio Les commissions Exemple de calcul de l'agie hors taxe Taux réel d’escompte, ou taux de l'agio avant taxe Comparaison des conditions d'escompte faites par deux banques Taux de revient de l’opération d'escompte Bordereau d’escompte Taux de revient moyen d'un bordereau d'escompte Opérations financières à long terme Intérêt composé. Capitalisation Notion de capitalisation des intérêts Formule fondamentale des intérêts composés Etude de la fonction (1 + i)" Problèmes simples sur la formule fondamentale des intérêts composés Calculs sur la formule fondamentale des intérêts composés. Calcul de leur acquise dans le cas d' un nombre de périodes non entier Taux équivalents. Taux proportionnels Capitalisation continue Escompte à intérêt composé. Actualisation Escompte à intérêt composé. Formule fondamentale Effets équivalents, ou capitaux équivalents Problèmes pratiques posés par la notion d’équivalence Extension du problème d'équivalence. Echéance commune Comparaison de capitaux

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Business Combinations Consolidated Statements - Date of Acquisition. Consolidated Statements After Acquisition Assignment, Depreci at ion and Amorti zation of the Difference Between Cost and Book Value. Elimination of Unrealized Profit on Intercompany. Sales of Inventory Elimination of Unreal ized Profit on Intercompany. Sales of Property and Equipment Deferred Income Tax Consequences in Business. Combinations and Consolidated Financial Statements. Changes in Ownership Interest. Indirect wnership and Reciprocal Stockhol dings Consol idated Financi al Statements . Miscellaneous Topics. Pooling of Interests and Alternative Concepts of Consol idated Financial Statements. The Equity Method of Report ing Investments in Common Stock.Accounting for Home 0ffice and Branch Activities Accounting for Foreign Currency Transactions. The Translation of Financial Statements of Foreign Affiliates.

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INTRODUCTION Introduction to Economics The scop and method of economics The economic problem: sarcity and choice The structyre of the US economy Demand, Supply, and Market Equilibrium The price System, supply and Demand and elasticity MICOECONOMICS Foundation of Microeconomics consumers and Firms Household Behavior and Consumer Choice The Behavior of Porfit-Maximizing Short-Run Costs and Output Decision in the long Run Input Demand The capital market and the investistment Decision General equilibrium and the efficiency of perfect competition Monopolistic competition and oligopoly Antitrust and regulation Extrenalities, public goods, imperfect Income distribution and proverty Current Microeconomic Issues Public Finance the economics of Labor markets and Labor Unions The Location of Economic Activity INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS International Trad Economics Growth in developing nation Alternative System, The Collapse of Communism, and the Road to Economic Reform

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Are We Building New Berin Walls? Susan Lee, Forbes, January 7, 1991. To the Reader Toplc Guide Overview Regional trading blocs are a rapidiy advancing idea in world trade. The European Community is rushing to become a regional economic bloc, and the United States and Canada have signed an agreement essentialy turning nonHatin North America into a glant trading bloc. But is it wise? This article addresses some of the problems of trading blocs as opposed to multilateral agree- ments such as GATT. These four short articles deal with the problems of the global market. They focus on the problems of small firms in Europe, the opportunities of the Pacific Rim, and the situation in Latin Amer- ica, particularly Brazil. The one theme through all of the articles is to "think globally," because, as Professor Peter Drucker said. " you don't think globally. you deserve to be unemployed, and you will be." 2. Global Frontiers of Business, The Christian Science Monito, April 11, 1991. 14 3. The Global Economy: Who Gets Hurt, Business Week, August 10, 1992. Free trade is a net plus for the world economy. but not for everybody This article examınes what happens to those people who are left behind as soCHety evolves from a domestic to an Internetional economy. 19 4. International Communication: An Executive Primer, Ronald E. Dulek, John S. Fielden, and John S Hill, Business Horizons, January/February 1991. While English may be the language of international business, there is no reason to feel that it will continue to be so, or that it should. US. busınessmen need to realze that, even when com- municating in Engi:sh, they need to take into consideration the customs of their audience. Different countries have ditferent cultures, which means that to be sucoesstul, businessmen have to learn to effectively communicate wth them. 5. The World's Trade Topography: How Level ls I? Industry Week, May 18, 1992. This artide lookS at four productsautomobiles, blue jeans, cellular phones, and airplanes-and the international bariers tor each among the United States, Europe, and Japan. Each one is diterent and unique, and no playing field is eactly level. 20. An Exporter's Gulde to Selecting Foreign Sales, Agents and Dlstrlbutors, Thomas F Clasen, The Journal of B poan Business, November/December 1991, the a developing dlstributlon system outside of domestio a different distribution system. Thomas Clasen has some tinee Foreign markets are ditferent than domestlo markets and require 21, It's ln the MalI! Art Garola, World Trade, April 1992. market. Mall order ls one of the fastest growing ways to market merohan dlse in the United States, but it ls only done sparingly abroad. That may be changing, as Amerlcan mall-order companles start look Ing outside the United States for expansion and inoreased sales 22. Guess Who's Seling Barbles in Japan Now? Business Week, December 9, 1991. Toy's 'R' Us ls the largest toy retailer in the world, with over $6.1 blon In sales, Yet there is one market where they have not been a presence-Japan. This is the story of how Toys 'R' Us is seoking to get Into that market and the problems they have faced, Overvlew 23. As Competition Rises in Global Banking, Europeans Have Edge, The Wall Street Journal, March 25, 1991. Internatlonal banking will change in the coming decades and only the strong and big need to even bother. The recent problems in the U.S. banking industry have given the European banks the opportunity to take a leading position in international financial markets. 24. Competitiveness and the "Global Capital Shortage," Alan Reynolds, Business Horizons, November/December How is the United States really doing in the global competitive market? This article offers an interesting view of the pertormance of the U.S. economy in in ternatlonal trade over the past 10 years. 25. Big MacCurrencles, The Economist, April 18, 1992. What is one currency worth relative to other currencies? Is it worth what the offticial exchange rate says it is worth or what it will be in the respectlve countrles? The Economist has some interest- ing observations ooncerning the "Big Mac" you had for lunch. 26. Forelgn Direct Investment: Gift Horse or Trojan Horse? Sun Bae Kim, Weekly Letter (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco), March 20, 1992. Is forelgn direct investment good or bad for the economy? Admittedly, there are pluses and minuses for FDI just like anything else. On the whole, however, the pluses wil outweigh the m- nuses, as this article from the Federal Reserve Bank in San Francisoo indicates. Ahmed and Lawrence Summers, Finance & Developmet, 27. A Tenth Anniversary Report on the Debt Crlsis, Masood September 1992. Ten years ago, Mexico's inability to servioe its Internetlonal debt led to an international debt crisis that involved many of the world's leading fnancial institutions and most of the developing world. This article examines the lessons learned trom that experlence. 28. Manufacturing's New Economies of Scale, Michael . McGrath and Richard W. Hoole, Harvard Business Revlew MaylJune 1992. How does a global flrn take advantage of the fact that it ie international and turn itself into a truly global productlon organ- zation? This article outlines how one firm, Xerox, has been doino just that and offers some observations on how others could do it 29. The Search for a Truly Pan-European Manufacturina System, Nigel Dunham and Robin Morgan, The Journal of European Business, September/October 1991. As more and more firms integrate thelr European manufactur- Ing operations, there will be a greater need for systems that can adapt to the different environments that may still be found in each European country. Nigel Dunham and Robin Morgan have estab- lished some specific criteria for these systems, and they are not just English systems in different languages. 30. Global Innovation: Who's in the Lead? Business Week, August 3, 1992. The products and production processes of the future are being developed today, and those activities will tell a great deal about the future. Business Week provides interesting information on innovation and who is doing more of it. 31. The Myth of Made in the U.S.A.,' Robert Reich, The Wall Street Journal, July 5, 1991. Question: When is an "American" product not an "American" product? Answer: When it is a Ford LTD or a Mercury Marquis! 168 Overview ETHICS AND CULTURE 32. Adapting Ethical Decisions to a Global Marketplace, Kent Hodgson, Management Review, May 1992. All societies have different cultures and different ethical stan- dards. What may be illegal in one country may be perfectly legal and expected in another. Ways to deal with this dilemma are suggested. 33. RJR Nabisco: Transnational Tobacco Trafficker, Philip Mattera, Multinational Monito, January/February 1992. Is it ethical to produce and market a product, which is acknow- edged to be harmful to the user's health, on a world-wide basis? That is the question asked of RJR Nabisco. 34. Companies Use Cross-Cultural Training to Help Their Employees Adjust Abroad, Joann S. Lublin, The Wall Street Journal, August 24, 1992. Training is one way that firms can help executives make the transition to a foreign location and culture-not only for the executives, themselves, but for their spouses and children as well. & AAN AND ASA only partially prepared ls it Then Asta bul i a te for which and the rest of the wor\d wiln qNsfAMA aikt Iw Ihe Uniled States Pyle, B. Kenneth The American 5. Now Japan Sees ltsett the economy leader of Jvan atut o take on a new role as 1991. November/Decenber are addressed \n his doal wth this growth in Japanese intluence. not playing fair In the For year, Japan has been aocused of acknowledge Japanese the that Internathonal economy While in the past, they have made strides this may have been the case level, not in all areas,but In some. in makıng the playing field more Emperor the ls Far Away" "The Mountains Are High, Edmund Faltermayer, Fortune, 38. Does Japan Play Falr? September 7, 1992. Andrew Tanzer, Forbes, August 5, 1991. new is f China hotbed of capitalist The Guangdong province of full communism. Taking of advantage a experimentation in sea province has the of its location next to Hong Kong, this Chinese certainly one of the fastest fastest economic growth in China and in the world. THE COMMONWEALTH OF IN. C. EASTERN EUROPE AND Republics, USA Today 38. Doing Business With the Soviet 19% DEPENDENT STATES Newspape, September 30, 1991. individual Soviet republics have relations with the 15 become a I break to up and effective The Soviet Union has started business and in them business potential each republic grades accordingly. the current challenge. This article assesses atmosphere and WESTERN EUROPE 39. Locking Up Tomorrow's Profits, US. News & World 203 Report, June 29, 1992. US. firms have found business success in Europe to be some- what difficult. This is an examination of five industries and their prospects In the new Europe. 206 40. Now the New New Europe, Shawn Tully, Fortune, December With greater unification in Europe, the role of the EFTA (Euro- pean Free Trade Association) countries and the Eastern European countries will take on greater importance in the next 10 years. Central to this issue will be the role of Germany. Will it lead the new European economy, or will the difficulties of unification and demands from the former Eastern Bloc countries slow the pro- cess? E. NORTH AMERICA 41. Megamarket, Barbara Rudolph, Time, August 10, 1992. What will be the impact of the North American Free rede Agreement on the United States and its partners, Canada and Mexico? ls the world moving toward massive regional trade blocs? While this article does not have the answers, it does have Some pertinent observations. 49, Quebeo: What Prloe Freedom? Business Week, Maroh 23, 1992. Whilethe United States, Canada, and Mexico talk of unlting lnto a common market, Quebeo, a part of Canada, proposed sover elgnty This artlole looks at some of the advantages and dinadvan. tages for Quebe0 of suoh an actlon, and whlle nobody e predicting another Yugoslavia, the poselble breakup of Canada might bea rosult. 216 43, Do We Want Free Trade With Mexlico? Tommy a. Thompson and John Peavey, State Government Nows. October 1991. What are the benefits and the price of the North Amerloan Froe Trade Agreement to the United States, and what new relation- ship will this create with Mexico? Both sides of the argument are presented by Governor Tommy Thompson of Wisconsin and Senator John Peavey of ldaho. THE THIRD WORLD 44. North-South Split: With Cold War Over, Poorer Nations Face Neglect by the Rich, Robert S. Greenberger, The Wall Street Journal, May 14, 1992. Now that the long cold war is over, the world's poorer nations, who used to be the pawns and surrogates of the superpowers, now face an uncertain economic future. The developed world seem to be dividing into three major trading blocs, and the problems of poor nations are examined. 45. Don't Forget Latin America, Jon I. Martinez, John A. Quelch, and Joseph Ganitsky, Sloan Management Revie, Winter 1992. This article is a discussion of the economic and political changes in Latin America that make the region more attractive to foreign investors. Which products and services to offer and how to offer them in which countries are discussed. 234 46. But What About Africa? Richard J. Barnet, Harper's, May The entire African continent, with the exception of South Africa, represents three percent of the world's trade. The fact is that Africa is a trade backwater, with sSome of the poorest regions in the world, and the situation is likely to get even Worse. Even Kenya, a focus of the article and considered to be one of the relative bright spots, has a host of problems, including an astro- nomical birth rate. Index Article Review Form Article Rating Form

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ENTREPRENEURSHIP The Driving Force Behind Small Business ENTREPRENEURS ETHICS, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, AND THE ENTREPRENEUR BUILDING THE BUSINESS PLAN Beginning Considerations STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE ENTREPRENEUR CHOOSING A FRANCHISING AND THE ENTREPRENEUR BUYING AN EXISTING BUSINESS BUILDING THE BUSINESS PLAN Marketing and Financial Considerations CREATING THE MARKETING PLAN FORM OF OWNERSHIP RECORDS CASH FLOW MANAGEMENT CREATING AND UNDERSTANDINC FINANCIAL PLANNING FOR PROFIT CREATING THE BUSINESS PLAN MARKETING FOR THE SMALL BUSINESS Building the Competitive Edge PRICING FOR PROFIT CREATIVE USE OF ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL BUSINESS PUTTING THE BUSINESS PLAN TO WORK Sources of Funds SOURCES OF EQUITY FINANCING SOURCES OF DEBT FINANCING LOCATION AND LAYOUT Key Criteria THE LOCATION QUESTION PHYSICAL FACILITIES AND LAYOUT MANAGING INVENTORY IN THE SMAL BUSINESS A Key to Quality PURCHASING, QUALITY CONTROL, AND VENDOR ANALYSIS INVENTORY CONTROL AND JUST-IN-TIME TECHNIQUES CONTROLLING THE SMALL BUSINESS Techniques for Enhancing Profitability CONTROLLING CRIME USING COMPUTERS TO GAIN A COMPETITIVE EDGE TAXES AND THE SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT SUCCESSION AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE FAMILY BUSINESS MANAGING PEOPLE The Most Valuable Resource HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MANAGING PEOPLE THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT Business Law and Government Regulations